在医学上,生物利用度是进入血流并可用于治疗患者的药物的百分比。事实证明，开发允许口服大多数药物的技术具有挑战性，不管他们的属性，实现治疗性全身可用性。这将是一个令人印象深刻的壮举，考虑到超过90％的药物已知对其口服生物利用度有限制。提高生物利用度对于优化药物的功效和安全性至关重要。这篇综述涵盖了广泛的技术，包括身体，化学,和制定方法，强调他们的机制，优势,和限制。外排泵的抑制剂，抑制系统前代谢，和创新的药物输送系统，利用胃肠道区域性的药物是一些新技术，已经引起了越来越多的兴趣。药物中的纳米技术也被用于该领域。我们使用ScienceDirect收集了2009年至2024年的文献数据，PubMed/Medline,Scopus,谷歌学者。
In medicine, bioavailability is the percentage of a drug that enters the bloodstream and can be used to treat a patient. It has proven challenging throughout time to develop techniques that allow oral administration of most drugs, regardless of their properties, to achieve therapeutic systemic availability. This will be an impressive feat, considering that over 90% of pharmaceuticals are known to have limitations on their oral bioavailability. Improving bioavailability is crucial for optimizing the efficacy and safety of drugs. This
review covers a wide range of techniques, including physical, chemical, and formulation approaches, highlighting their mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. Inhibitions of efflux pumps, inhibition of presystemic metabolism, and innovative drug delivery systems that capitalize on the gastrointestinal regionality of medicines are some of the new techniques that have drawn increased interest. Nanotechnology in pharmaceuticals is also being used in this field. We have collected the literature data from 2009 to 2024 using Science Direct, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
