背景:空气污染暴露与心血管疾病发病率和死亡率相关。尽管生命早期暴露于空气污染可能是心血管疾病危险因素发展的关键窗口,很少有研究对年轻人长期暴露于空气污染与心血管和代谢健康标志物之间的关系进行研究.
目的:通过将全国青少年与成人健康纵向研究(添加健康)的健康数据与使用降尺度(FAQSD)存档的融合空气质量表面的空气污染数据相结合,我们:(1)计算了AddHealth参与者暴露于臭氧(O3)和空气动力学直径≤2.5µm(PM2.5)的颗粒物的多年估计值;(2)估计了空气污染暴露与心脏代谢健康的多个标记之间的关联.
方法:AddHealth是一项具有全国代表性的纵向队列研究,研究对象是1994-95年美国(US)超过20,000名12-19岁青少年(WaveI)。参与者在青春期和成年期进行了五次家庭访谈。从FAQSD档案中获得了人口普查区域中O3和PM2.5的每日估计浓度,并用于生成区域级O3和PM2.5浓度的年平均值。我们估计了2002年至2007年的平均O3和PM2.5暴露与第四波(2008-09)测量的心脏代谢健康标志物之间的关联,包括高血压,高脂血症,体重指数(BMI),糖尿病,C反应蛋白,和代谢综合征。
结果:最终样本量为11,259名个体参与者。IV波参与者的平均年龄为28.4岁(范围:24-34岁)。在调整年龄的模型中,种族/民族,和性,长期的O3暴露(2002-07)与高血压的几率升高有关,比值比(OR)为1.015(95%置信区间[CI]:1.011,1.029);肥胖(1.022[1.004,1.040]);糖尿病(1.032[1.009,1.054]);代谢综合征(1.028[1.014,1.041]);PM2.5暴露(2002-07)与高血压的比值升高(1.022[1.001,1.045])相关。
结论:研究结果表明,长期的环境空气污染暴露,特别是O3暴露,与成年早期的心脏代谢健康有关。
Air pollution exposure is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although exposure to air pollution early in life may represent a critical window for development of cardiovascular disease risk factors, few studies have examined associations of long-term air pollution exposure with markers of cardiovascular and metabolic health in young adults.
By combining health data from the National Longitudinal
Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) with air pollution data from the Fused Air Quality Surface using Downscaling (FAQSD) archive, we: (1) calculated multi-year estimates of exposure to ozone (O3) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) for Add Health participants; and (2) estimated associations between air pollution exposures and multiple markers of cardiometabolic health.
Add Health is a nationally representative longitudinal cohort
study of over 20,000 adolescents aged 12-19 in the United States (US) in 1994-95 (Wave I). Participants have been followed through adolescence and into adulthood with five in-home interviews. Estimated daily concentrations of O3 and PM2.5 at census tracts were obtained from the FAQSD archive and used to generate tract-level annual averages of O3 and PM2.5 concentrations. We estimated associations between average O3 and PM2.5 exposures from 2002 to 2007 and markers of cardiometabolic health measured at Wave IV (2008-09), including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, C-reactive protein, and metabolic syndrome.
The final sample size was 11,259 individual participants. The average age of participants at Wave IV was 28.4 years (range: 24-34 years). In models adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and sex, long-term O3 exposure (2002-07) was associated with elevated odds of hypertension, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.015 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011, 1.029); obesity (1.022 [1.004, 1.040]); diabetes (1.032 [1.009,1.054]); and metabolic syndrome (1.028 [1.014, 1.041]); PM2.5 exposure (2002-07) was associated with elevated odds of hypertension (1.022 [1.001, 1.045]).
Findings suggest that long-term ambient air pollution exposure, particularly O3 exposure, is associated with cardiometabolic health in early adulthood.