Cataracts are characterized by the crystalline lens of the eye becoming cloudy, and dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease in which the homeostasis of the tear film is lost. As the prevalence of both diseases increases with age, there is a high prevalence of DED among patients who are candidates for cataract surgery. In recent years, cataract surgery has evolved from vision restoration surgery to refractive surgery. To achieve good surgical outcomes, it is necessary to minimize postoperative refractive error in intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, which requires accurate preoperative keratometry measurements. A stable tear film is important for the accuracy and reproducibility of keratometry measurements, and DED may have a deleterious effect. In this study, original articles that focused primarily on findings related to this topic were evaluated. A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Although appropriate DED diagnoses were not presented in the articles evaluated in this review, it was confirmed that the clinical signs of DED, particularly the shortening of the tear film break-up time (TBUT), negatively impact IOL power calculations. Improvement in these clinical signs might mitigate the negative effects on these calculations.

UNASSIGNED: To understand the impact of dry eye disease (DED) on the components of ocular biometry and ways to optimize the visual outcomes of cataract surgery in eyes with DED.
UNASSIGNED: A thorough literature review of the components pertaining to this review was undertaken using the databases, PubMed (from the year 2000), MEDLINE, CENTRAL (including Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register; Cochrane Library: Issue 12 of 12 December 2019), metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) (www.controlled-trials. com), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrial.gov) and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (www.who.int/ictrp/search/en). The keywords used for the search included \"cataract surgery\" or \"phacoemulsification\" combined with \"dry eye\", \"dry eye disease\",\"biometry\", \"keratometry\".
UNASSIGNED: Publications considered for this review included meta-analysis, systematic reviews, case-control and cohort studies, case series, and laboratory-based studies. Published articles reporting tear film alteration in DED, its impact on the quality of vision and optical aberrations, the effect of topical medications on keratometry variations, and reports on optimizing the ocular surface before cataract surgery were included.
UNASSIGNED: DED is a common entity seen in patients presenting to routine cataract clinics and is known to impact the accuracy, reliability, and repeatability of ocular biometry and IOL power calculations in them. This review intends to emphasize the preoperative screening for the presence of DED, initiation of appropriate medical management for optimization of the ocular surface before cataract surgery, and recommendations for performing biometry. The algorithmic approach proposed will help the general ophthalmologists in routine practice to provide quality care and acceptable visual outcomes in patients with pre-existing DED.

Dry eye disease (DED) has become common on a global scale in recent years. There is a wide prevalence of DED in different countries based on various ethnicities and environment. DED is a multifactorial ocular disorder. In addition to advanced age and gender, such factors as living at high altitude, smoking, pterygium, prolonged use of consumer electronics or overingesting of caffeine or multivitamins are considered to be the major risk factors of DED. We report the DED epidemiology in Taiwan firstly in this article. According to the pathophysiological factors and changes inthe composition of the tear film in DED, it can be categorized into several subtypes, including lipid anomaly dry eye, aqueous tear deficiency, allergic and toxic dry eye among others. Each subtype has its own cause and disease management; therefore, it is important for ophthalmologists to identify the type through literature review and investigation. The management of DED, relies not only on traditional medications such as artificial tears, gels and ointments, but also newer treatment options such as acupuncture, SYL1001, and nanomedicine therapy. We also conducted a comprehensive literature review including common subtypes and treatment of DED. Clearly, more clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of the various treatments and common subtypes of DED.