背景:已知许多用于治疗和缓解癌症患者症状的药物抑制或诱导细胞色素P450(CYP)。因此,重要的是要注意通过CYPs代谢的阿片类镇痛药的药物相互作用,因为例如当使用由CYP3A4代谢的羟考酮时,伴随使用诱导或抑制CYP3A4的药物可能会减弱或增强该效应。阿瑞匹坦,一种用于许多接受抗癌药物的患者的止吐药,被称为CYP3A4的中度竞争性抑制剂。我们经历了由阿片类药物引起的呼吸抑制,怀疑是由与止吐药特别是阿瑞匹坦的药物相互作用引起的。
方法:患者为72岁男性。他已接受持续羟考酮输注治疗,以治疗与前列腺癌直肠浸润相关的肛周疼痛。没有观察到除肾功能不全以外的合并症。羟考酮治疗开始于48毫克/天,增加到108毫克/天,然后疼痛减轻了。一旦疼痛得到控制,计划化疗。止吐药(地塞米松,帕洛诺司琼,和阿瑞吡坦)在抗癌药物给药之前给药。止吐药给药后约3小时和抗癌药物给药之前,病房护士注意到发生了过度镇静和呼吸抑制。当病人被召唤时,他立刻醒来,能够正常说话,所以抗癌药物按计划给药。护士发现过度镇静大约2小时后,主治医师将羟考酮输注剂量减少至48mg/天.之后,他的困倦持续,但他的呼吸状况有所改善.尽管将羟考酮的剂量减少到不到一半,在数字评定量表(NRS)0~1时,疼痛保持稳定,不使用抢救剂量.患者在服用抗癌药物36天后出院,没有任何问题。
结论:在这种情况下,呼吸抑制的原因被认为是多种因素的综合作用,包括羟考酮和止吐药之间的药物相互作用,和羟考酮积累由于肾功能不全。
BACKGROUND: Many of the drugs used for the treatment and alleviation of symptoms in cancer patients are known to inhibit or induce cytochrome P450 (CYP). Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the drug interactions of opioid analgesics that are metabolized by CYPs, because for example when using oxycodone metabolized by CYP3A4, it is possible that the effect will be attenuated or enhanced by the concomitant use of drugs that induce or inhibit CYP3A4. Aprepitant, an antiemetic drug used in many patients receiving anticancer drugs, is known as a moderate competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4. We experienced a
case of respiratory depression caused by opioids, which was suspected to be caused by a drug interaction with antiemetics especially aprepitant.
METHODS: The patient was a 72-year-old man. He had been treated with continuous oxycodone infusion for perianal pain associated with the rectal invasion of prostate cancer. No comorbidities other than renal dysfunction were observed. Oxycodone treatment was started at 48 mg/day, and was increased to 108 mg/day, and then the pain decreased. Once the pain was controlled, chemotherapy was planned. Antiemetics (dexamethasone, palonosetron, and aprepitant) were administered before anticancer drug administration. Approximately 3 hours after antiemetics administration and before the administration of the anticancer drugs, a ward nurse noticed that oversedation and respiratory depression had occurred. When the patient was called, he immediately woke up and was able to talk normally, so the anticancer drugs were administered as scheduled. About 2 hours after the nurse noticed oversedation, the attending physician reduced the dose of oxycodone infusion to 48 mg/day. After that, his drowsiness persisted, but his respiratory condition improved. Despite reducing the dose of oxycodone to less than half, the pain remained stable at numeric rating scale (NRS) 0-1, without the use of a rescue dose. The patient was discharged from the hospital 36 days after the administration of anticancer drugs, without any problems.
CONCLUSIONS: The cause of respiratory depression in this
case was thought to be a combination of factors, including drug interactions between oxycodone and antiemetics, and oxycodone accumulation due to renal dysfunction.