Violent social and political conflicts have caused several challenges to internally displaced persons (IDPs), especially girls and young women, among which is sexual violence (SV). Despite extensive records on SV in humanitarian contexts, studies to assess the level, examine the disclosure pattern (DP) and evaluate the availability of abortion care in these settings have received inadequate attention. This scoping review sought to synthesise the current African-based research on SV, DP, and abortion and post-abortion care (APAC) in humanitarian contexts. We conducted a systematic search of five databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar, where the articles retrieved met the criteria for inclusion. The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP), containing ten questions to help confirm the validity of the research design and the originality of the results in comparison with similar studies. A series of inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied after the search, and 35 eligible articles from ten African countries with evidence of sexual violence, disclosure patterns, and APAC in camp settings were included in the study. Results described situations of SV in humanitarian settings in Africa as \"terrible\", \"bad\", \"an epidemic\", and \"severe\" as girls were used as sex objects, for profile enhancement and as a weapon of war. We also found that the illegality of APAC in Africa is causing a high occurrence of clandestine abortions in conflict contexts. Disclosing SV among IDPs in Africa did not follow a clear-cut pattern but was generally determined by socio-demographic characteristics. Sexual health is a fundamental right of all, as enshrined in SDG 3, which makes this topic a major public health issue. We therefore conclude that although disclosure may aggravate stigmatisation in some instances due to adverse reactions, it is still crucial to the healing processes.

UNASSIGNED: There is limited information focussing on the perspectives of persons with younger onset dementia (YOD) in employment. This poses challenges for supporting this demographic within the workplace and during their transition to retirement.
UNASSIGNED: The aim of this scoping review is to address the identified need to ascertain what is known about the perspectives of employees with YOD.
UNASSIGNED: Records were included if they: considered working-aged persons who received a diagnosis of YOD whilst employed or soon after ceasing employment; considered the perspective of the person with YOD; and were published in English. Four databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library) were systematically searched, and grey literature was sought using the Google Scholar search engine. Using PRISMA-ScR guidelines, two reviewers screened the title/abstract then full text of identified documents. Disagreements were resolved with a third reviewer. Research papers were narratively synthesised, thematically analysed, and critically appraised.
UNASSIGNED: Fourteen peer-reviewed research papers, and nineteen grey literature items were included in the review, with research papers found to be of reasonably high methodological quality. Five themes were identified, describing the experiences of employees with YOD: (1) Trying to manage difficulties prior to diagnosis; (2) Disclosure at the point of diagnosis; (3) Reasonable adjustments; (4) Employment cessation; and (5) Regaining meaningful roles following retirement.
UNASSIGNED: Findings revealed evidence for an emerging understanding of the lived experience of developing YOD within the workplace; however, further research is needed regarding the capabilities and support needs for persons with YOD to influence workplace policies and practices.

Cancer disclosure represents a complex healthcare dynamic. Physicians or caregivers may be prompted to withhold diagnosis information from patients. This study aims to comprehensively map and synthesize available evidence about diagnosis nondisclosure regarding head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, a scoping review was conducted across major databases without period restriction, yielding 9238 publications. After screening and selection, a descriptive synthesis was conducted. Sixteen studies were included, primarily conducted in academic settings (75%) from Europe and Asia, with a total population of 662 patients predominantly diagnosed with brain, oral, pharyngeal, or laryngeal tumors. Remarkably, 22.51% of patients were unaware of their diagnosis. Although physicians were the main source of diagnostic information (35%), they reported to often use vague terms to convey malignancy. Additionally, 13.29% of patients were aware of their diagnosis from sources other than doctors or caregivers. Caregivers (55%) supported diagnosis concealment, and physicians tended to respect family wishes. A high diagnosis-to-death interval, education, and age significantly influenced diagnosis disclosure. HNC patients expressed a desire for personalized open communication. Multiple factors influenced the decision on diagnosis disclosure. Current evidence on this topic varies significantly, and there is limited research on the consequences of nondisclosure. These findings reflect the underestimation of the patients\' outlook in the diagnosis process and highlight the need for further research, aiming to establish open communication and patient autonomy during the oncological journey.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents frequently experience and witness violence and crime, yet very little research has been conducted to determine how best to question these witnesses to elicit complete and accurate disclosures.
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review integrated scientific research on rapport building with child and adult witnesses with theory and research on adolescent development in order to identify rapport building techniques likely to be effective with suspected adolescent victims and witnesses.
METHODS: Four databases were searched to identify investigations of rapport building in forensic interviewing of adolescents.
RESULTS: Despite decades of research of studies including child and adult participants, only one study since 1990 experimentally tested techniques to build rapport with adolescents. Most rapport strategies used with children and adults have yet to be tested with adolescents. Tests of these strategies, along with modifications based on developmental science of adolescence, would provide a roadmap to determining which approaches are most beneficial when questioning adolescent victims and witnesses.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a clear need for research that tests what strategies are best to use with adolescents. They may be reluctant to disclose information about stressful or traumatic experiences to adults due to both normative developmental processes and the types of events about which they are questioned in legal settings. Rapport building approaches tailored to address adolescents\' motivational needs may be effective in increasing adolescents\' reporting, and additional research testing such approaches will provide much-needed insight to inform the development of evidence-based practices for questioning these youth.

Health care price transparency is gaining momentum as a tangible policy intervention that can unleash market principles to increase competition, help begin to decrease U.S. health care expenditures, and provide Americans with access to affordable, high-quality health care. Indeed, pricing reform is required to facilitate patient shopping in health care. In this narrative policy review, we offer a brief history of health care price transparency efforts and an overview of the health care price transparency literature. Further, we highlight the current rules and legislative initiatives aimed at achieving the full potential of health care price transparency. Lastly, we offer key takeaways and highlight suggestions for future policy directions, including the need to ensure hospital and insurance compliance through more appropriate penalties and incentives, importance of reducing regulation to promote financial upside that can be obtained by both patients and providers who actively promote shopping for lower cost, higher quality health care goods and services, and the need for transparent and easily found quality metrics, including outcomes most important to patients, driven by physicians \"on the ground\" with patient input.

BACKGROUND: Sibling sexual abuse (SSA) is influenced by and occurs within an interconnected family system, because of this there is a growing move towards recognising SSA as a family issue. Families also play a vital role in the disclosure of SSA and in the aftermath of recovery. Nevertheless, a descriptive review consolidating the known family dynamics, characteristics, and responses associated with SSA is absent from research.
OBJECTIVE: A scoping review was conducted to synthesise known family characteristics and dynamics associated with SSA. The review also sought to explore how families respond following the disclosure/discovery of SSA.
METHODS: Arksey and O\'Malley\'s (2005) five-part scoping review framework was used. Web of Science, PsycInfo, ProQuest, Google Scholar and specialist journals were searched for empirical research and results were assessed for eligibility, leaving 28 studies in the final review.
RESULTS: SSA was related to: (1) family demographics, (2) a history of abuse and neglect within the family, and (3) household stressors and environmental factors. The review also found that families largely respond using strategies of minimisation.
CONCLUSIONS: Research and practice need to ensure that SSA is understood within the context of family dynamics and histories, in a way that may not be necessary when understanding other \'types\' of child sexual abuse (CSA). Consideration must be given to the fact that children affected by SSA can be situated in families where, as well as SSA, there is a history of abuse and neglect within the family, and various environmental stressors are present.

BACKGROUND: Disclosure of donor conception has been advocated in several jurisdictions in recent years, especially in those that practice identity-release donation. However, research on disclosure decisions has not been consolidated systematically in the last 10 years to review if parents are telling and what factors may be impacting their decisions.
OBJECTIVE: Are parents disclosing to their donor-conceived children, and what factors have influenced their disclosure decisions across different contexts and family forms in the last 10 years?
METHODS: A bibliographic search of English-language, peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2012 and 2022 from seven databases was undertaken. References cited in included articles were manually scrutinized to identify additional references and references that cited the included articles were also manually searched. Inclusion criteria were articles focused on parents (including heterosexual, single mothers by choice, same-sex couples, and transsexual) of donor-conceived persons in both jurisdictions with or without identity-release provisions. Studies focused solely on surrogacy, donors, donor-conceived persons, or medical/fertility staff were excluded as were studies where it was not possible to extract donor-recipient parents\' data separately. Both quantitative and qualitative studies were included. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed and Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools for Systematic Reviews were used to assess article quality and bias.
RESULTS: Thirty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria representing 34 studies and 4248 parents (including heterosexual, single, same-sex, and transsexual parents although the majority were heterosexual) from countries with anonymous donation and those with identity-release provisions or who had subsequently enacted these provisions (Australia, Belgium, Finland, France, Hong Kong, Middle East, Spain, Sweden, the UK, and the USA) A general trend towards disclosure was noted across these groups of parents with most disclosing to their donor-conceived children before the age of 10 years. Further, the majority of those who had not yet told, reported planning to disclose, although delayed decisions were also associated with lower disclosure overall. Same-sex and single parents were more likely to disclose than heterosexual parents. There was recognition of disclosure as a process involving ongoing conversations and that decisions were impacted by multiple interacting intrapersonal, interpersonal, and external contextual and social factors. Methodological limitations, such as the different population groups and contexts from which participants were drawn (including that those parents who choose not to disclose may be less likely to participate in research), are acknowledged in integrating findings.
CONCLUSIONS: This review has reinforced the need for a theoretical model to explain parents\' disclosure decisions and research exploring the role of legislative provisions, culture, and donor/family type in decision-making. Greater ongoing access to psychological support around disclosure may be important to promote parent and family well-being.

Sexual violence against men has been significantly overlooked, and under-researched, with minimal attention paid to the influence of culture and ethnicity on survivors\' experiences of abuse. This rapid review examines prevalence, disclosure, help-seeking, and criminal justice experiences of Black and Asian male survivors in the United Kingdom. Eight empirical studies published since 2003 involving Black and Asian sexual violence survivors were included through comprehensive database searches, including gray literature and reference lists. Findings suggest prevalence data underestimate the true extent of victimization in ethnic minority groups in the United Kingdom. Barriers to disclosure and help-seeking were associated with specific cultural factors unique to Black and Asian male experiences, as revealed by three qualitative studies. However, accessing and reporting to the criminal justice system remains largely unexplored for Black and Asian male survivors. Methodological limitations within existing studies emphasize the urgent need for substantial, high-quality research that addresses issues with inconsistent definitions, measurements, and lack of ethnic-specific approaches across prevalence, disclosure, help-seeking, and criminal justice experiences. Culturally informed professional training emerges as a critical requirement to sensitively address the unique challenges faced by ethnic minority male survivors. Additionally, targeted outreach initiatives hold the potential to engage minority male survivors more effectively. A collaborative, system-wide approach is vital to bring to the forefront the overlooked experiences of ethnic minority males, thereby promoting an environment of support, understanding, and recovery.

UNASSIGNED: Sexual abuse is a health issue with many consequences. Recognizing and discussing past sexual abuse has proven to be challenging for health care professionals. To improve overall quality of health care for sexual abuse victims, health care professionals need to be properly trained. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of training methods for health care professionals and to report on their effectiveness.
UNASSIGNED: A scoping review was conducted. A broad search was executed in six databases in December 2022. Study selection was performed by two independent reviewers, followed by quality assessment and data extraction.
UNASSIGNED: After screening of titles and abstracts and later full-text assessment for quality appraisal, seven articles were selected, consisting mostly of non-randomized trials, performed among a total of 1299 health care professionals. All studies were assessed to be of moderate to poor quality. The participants attended training courses with a wide variety of durations, settings, formats and methods. The outcomes showed improvements in self-perceived or measured knowledge, skills and confidence to discuss sexual violence. Changes in clinical practice were scarcely investigated. Training courses were most effective when a mix of didactic passive methods, such as lectures and videos, and active participatory strategies, such as discussions and roleplay, were applied. Timely iteration to reinforce retention of gained knowledge and skills also contributed to effectiveness. Participants most enjoyed incorporating opportunities for receiving feedback in small settings and sharing personal experiences.
UNASSIGNED: This scoping review summarizes on how to effectively train health care professionals. Flaws and difficulties in measuring the effectiveness of training courses were discussed. Recognition and discussion of past sexual abuse by health care providers can be effectively trained using an alternating mix of multiple active and passive training methods with room for feedback and personal experiences.

OBJECTIVE: Young cancer survivors (\"young survivors\") may need to disclose their cancer experiences to reintegrate into society. In such cases, the recognition of social support through the disclosure of cancer experiences may prevent potential social disadvantages． This review aimed to describe the motivations, strategies and outcomes, and benefits and disadvantages of disclosure in young survivors based on the social-ecological model (SEM) to identify the support survivors need when disclosing their cancer experiences.
METHODS: Using the integrated review methodology, we systematically searched six databases in English and Japanese as well as searched the reference lists of the selected studies. The themes identified via thematic analysis were categorized within the SEM levels.
RESULTS: This review analyzed 14 studies and identified four themes, including \"Motivation for Cancer Disclosure,\" \"Barriers to Cancer Disclosure,\" \"Consequences of Cancer Disclosure: Benefits,\" and \"Consequences of Cancer Disclosure: Disadvantages.\" Motivations for young survivors to disclose their cancer involved post-cancer differences, perceptions, relationships, and social context. In navigating barriers, including self-stigma, peer exclusion, and discrimination, they employed strategies such as reassurance and information limitation. Tailored disclosure strategies at each SEM level offered social and psychological benefits, however, disadvantages, including stress, vulnerability, employment issues, and limited insurance coverage, were experienced by young survivors due to cancer disclosure.
CONCLUSIONS: To optimize the benefits of cancer disclosure for young survivors, addressing psychological burdens, enhancing disclosure skills, offering familial psychological support, and fostering public awareness of cancer are essential.