UNASSIGNED: Working despite feeling ill - presenteeism - is a widespread behavioral phenomenon. Previous research has shown that presenteeism is influenced by various work-related and personal factors. It\'s an illness behavior leading to a range of negative but also positive consequences. Due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, remote work has become the \"new normal\" for many employees. But so far, little is known about presenteeism in remote work. This study aims to investigate presenteeism in remote work by looking at the extent of remote presenteeism, differences to presenteeism in on-site work, and associated factors.
UNASSIGNED: A nationwide cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Germany with N = 233 participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and correlation analysis.
UNASSIGNED: The results reveal that presenteeism is prevalent in remote work x̅ = 4.13 days (Md = 3; D = 2; s = 4.95). A low ability to detach from work (r = -.17; p = .005) and low supervisor support (r = -.14; p = .02) is associated with more remote presenteeism days. Remote working conditions seem to facilitate presenteeism.
UNASSIGNED: This study provides empirical insights into a subject area of great societal relevance. The results show that awareness should be raised for presenteeism in remote work. It should be regarded as a behavior that can be functional or dysfunctional, depending on the individual situation. Supervisor support and detachment should be fostered to help reduce dysfunctional presenteeism. Promotion of health literacy might help remote workers to decide on a health-oriented illness behavior. Further research is vital to analyze to what extent and under which circumstances presenteeism in remote work is (dys)functional and to derive clear recommendations.

The aim of this study was to investigate employees\' self-reported creativity before and after vacation and to examine the impact of recovery experiences (detachment, relaxation, mastery, meaning, autonomy, affiliation) on changes in creativity. The DRAMMA model of Newman et al. provides the theoretical background of our approach. Longitudinal data was assessed with four repeated measurements. The study encompassed data from 274 white-collar workers. Analyses showed that employees subjectively perceive their creativity to benefit not immediately after their vacation but 2 weeks later. Detachment was significantly related to lower creativity within persons, while mastery experiences explained differences in creativity between persons. This study provides a detailed picture of changes in creativity around vacations.

We suggested that the nanobubbles, which appear at the active hydrophobic spots (AHSs) at the luminal aspect of the blood vessels, are the gas micronuclei from which the decompression bubbles evolve and the endothelial injury during the decompression is due to the tearing off the cell membranes with the detaching bubbles. Ovine blood vessels were stretched over the polycarbonate plates or glass microscopic slides and were exposed under saline to the hyperbaric pressure (1,013 kPa, 19 h). Following decompression, the blood vessels were photographed for the identification (by bubble formation) of the AHS. Nanobubbles could not be demonstrated at the AHS by using the atomic force microscopy (AFM) because of the roughness of the surface, which disabled the close contact of the probe. In the electron microscopy, no endothelial cells were observed in the samples from the area near to the AHS, but the underlying elastin layer of the intima was observed adjacent to the media. Some intact endothelial cells were observed only in the locations far from an AHS. In the optical microscopy, no endothelial cells were observed in the blood vessels in close proximity to the AHS and in some sections, debris or a detached cluster of the endothelial cells were observed. Intact endothelial cells could be found at the sites distant from an AHS. This study supports the assumption, where the detached bubbles tear off the endothelial cells and cause the initial endothelial injury following the decompression.

BACKGROUND: The family members of a patient admitted to a COVID Intensive Care Unit (COVID-ICU) could not communicate with and stay close to their loved one, which resulted in them becoming dependent on hospital staff for remote updates.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the lived experiences of families with a member admitted to a COVID-ICU.
METHODS: A phenomenological study was conducted. The subjects were interviewed with open-ended questions to allow them full freedom of expression. The researchers involved in the analysis immersed themselves in the data, independently reading and rereading the transcripts to gain a sense of the entire dataset.
RESULTS: Fourteen first-degree family members were recruited. Five main themes emerged: fear, detachment, life on standby, family-related loneliness in the COVID-ICU, and an unexpected event.
CONCLUSIONS: Knowing the experience of families who have a relative in the COVID-ICU is essential for recognizing and reducing the risk of developing symptoms of post-intensive care syndrome.

Background: Although psychiatric comorbidity is the norm among individuals at clinical high risk for psychotic disorders (CHR), research has yet to examine transdiagnostic dimensional models of comorbidity in this critical population. Methods: This study analyzed quantitative measures of eleven psychiatric syndromes in a group at CHR (n = 71) and a matched healthy comparison group (n = 73) to determine these syndromes\' dimensional structure and relationships to cognition, functioning, and risk of conversion to psychotic disorders. Results: Relative to the comparison group, the CHR group was elevated on all eleven psychiatric syndromes. Exploratory factor analysis found three psychopathology dimensions: internalizing, negative symptoms, and positive symptoms. Depression cross-loaded onto the internalizing and negative symptom dimensions. Hypomania loaded positively on positive symptoms but negatively on negative symptoms. The negative symptom factor was associated with poorer cognition and functioning and a higher risk of conversion to psychosis. Conclusions: These dimensions align with internalizing, detachment, and thought disorder, three of the five spectra in higher-order models such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). In the CHR state, detachment appears to be particularly insidious and predictive of psychosis. Further research is required to distinguish depression and hypomania from attenuated psychotic symptoms in this population.

The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the possible enhancement of the biofilm peeling effect of a sonic toothbrush following the use of an antimicrobial mouth rinse.
The biofilm at a noncontact site in the interdental area was treated by sound wave convection with the test solution or by immersion in the solution. The biofilm peeling effect was evaluated by determining the bacterial counts and performing morphological observations. A Streptococcus mutans biofilm was allowed to develop on composite resin discs by cultivation with stirring at 50 rpm for 72 h. The specimens were then placed in recesses located between plastic teeth and divided into an immersion group and a combination group. The immersion group was treated with phosphate buffer, chlorhexidine digluconate Peridex™ (CHX) mouth rinse or Listerine® Fresh Mint (EO) mouth rinse. The combination group was treated with CHX or EO and a sonic toothbrush.
The biofilm thickness was reduced by approximately one-half compared with the control group. The combination treatment produced a 1 log reduction in the number of bacteria compared to the EO immersion treatment. No significant difference was observed in the biofilm peeling effect of the immersion group compared to the control group.
The combined use of a sonic toothbrush and a mouth rinse enhanced the peeling of the biofilm that proliferates in places that are difficult to reach using mechanical stress.

Ultrastructural changes in podocytes are an important diagnostic and prognostic marker for nephropathies. However, the biomedical understanding of detected submicroscopic changes in podocytes remains controversial.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the ultrastructural changes of podocytes (fusion of cytopodia and denudation of the basement membrane as a result of their desquamation) with a number of clinical and laboratory indicators of kidney dysfunction in case of non-proliferative glomerulopathies (NPGP). Thirty-seven patients (23 men, 14 women) with NPGP, including 8 with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 17 with membranous nephropathy (MN), and 12 with minimal change disease (MCD), were examined.
METHODS: All the patients underwent standard laboratory and instrumental studies: determinations of the levels of total serum cholesterol (mmol/l), total serum protein (g/l); serum albumin (g/l); CKD-EPI glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (ml/min/1.73 m2), and daily protein loss (g/day). Light optical changes were measured; completely sclerotic and/or focally segmentally sclerotic glomeruli were taken into account. Quantitative ultrastructural stereological analysis was carried out estimating the cytopodium width (CPW) and the degree of glomerular basement membrane denudation (GBMD) (%).
RESULTS: NPGP cases showed the largest number of sclerotic glomeruli in FSGS, which was accompanied by the lowest level of daily proteinuria and GFR. Quantitative values of CPW were associated with the level of daily protein loss (r=0.47; p < 0.05) and serum albumin (r=-0.57; p <0.05) in patients with nephrotic syndrome. In MN, the absolute value of CPW was larger than that in the other two patient groups. A correlation analysis of CPW and GBMD values among patients with NPGP revealed a statistically insignificant negative relation between these morphometric parameters. However, when a subgroup of patients with podocytopathies (only MCD and FSGS) was identified in the study group, this relationship was found to be significant (r=-0.54; p=0.012).
CONCLUSIONS: The patients with NPGP exhibited a relationship between the severity of nephrotic syndrome and proteinuria/hypoalbuminemia, on the one hand, and CPW, on the other. The established negative relationship between CPW and the percentage of GBMD in the subgroup of patients with podocytopathies may be due to the early stages of podocyte injury, which are accompanied by transient GBMD.
Ультраструктурные изменения подоцитов являются важным диагностическим и прогностическим маркером нефропатий. Однако медико-биологическое понимание выявляемых субмикроскопических изменений подоцитов остается противоречивым. Цель исследования - исследование взаимосвязи ультраструктурных изменений подоцитов (слияние цитоподий и оголение базальной мембраны в результате их слущивания) с рядом клинико-лабораторных показателей дисфункции почек на примере непролиферативных гломерулопатий. Обследованы 37 пациентов (23 мужчины, 14 женщин) с непролиферативными гломерулопатиями (НПГП): у 8 был фокально-сегментарный гломерулосклероз (ФСГС), у 17 - мембранозная нефропатия (МН), у 12 - болезнь минимальных изменений (БМИ). Материал и методы. Всем пациентам выполнены стандартные лабораторные и инструментальные исследования: определены уровень общего холестерина сыворотки крови (в ммоль/л); содержание общего белка сыворотки крови (в г/л); альбумина сыворотки крови (в г/л); скорость клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ) по EPI (в мл/мин/1,73 м2); суточная потеря белка (г/сут). Светооптические изменения оценивали количественно; учитывали клубочки полностью склерозированные и/или с фокально-сегментарным склерозом. Количественный ультраструктурный стереологический анализ выполнен посредством оценки ширины цитоподий (ШЦП), а также степени оголения (%) гломерулярной базальной мембраны (ОГБМ) клубочков. Результаты. При НПГП наибольшее количество склерозированных клубочков наблюдалось при ФСГС, что сопровождалось наиболее низким уровнем суточной протеинурии и СКФ. Количественные значения ШЦП были связаны с уровнем суточной потери белка (r=0,47; p<0,05) и уровнем альбумина сыворотки крови (r =–0,57; p<0,05) у больных с нефротическим синдромом. При МН абсолютное значение ширины цитоподий было больше, чем в двух других группах больных. Корреляционный анализ значений ШЦП и ОГБМ среди больных НПГП показал статистически недостоверную отрицательную зависимость этих морфометрических показателей. Однако при выделении из основной группы подгруппы больных с подоцитопатиями (только БМИ и ФСГС) данная зависимость была достоверна (r=–0,54; p=0,012). Выводы. У больных НПГП выявлена зависимость между выраженностью нефротического синдрома и протеинурии/гипоальбуминемии, с одной стороны, и ШЦП - с другой. Установленная отрицательная связь между ШЦП и процентом ОГБМ в подгруппе больных с подоцитопатиями может быть следствием ранних этапов повреждения подоцитов, сопровождающихся транзиторным оголением гломерулярной базальной мембраны.

Individuals with unresolved/disorganized representations of childhood trauma (U/d attachment) report more psychological distress than others, but little is known about their everyday mentation. In the present study adults with childhood trauma (N = 45) completed the Berkeley-Leiden Adult Attachment Questionnaire-Unresolved (BLAAQ-U) and the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), and reported everyday mentation during 5 days of experience sampling. The BLAAQ-U and the AAI showed a medium association with each other, but only the former significantly predicted negative affect, dissociation, and low control/awareness of mentation. Contrary to our predictions, U/d attachment did not significantly predict mind wandering, but the BLAAQ-U predicted endorsements of a negative mind wandering style. U/d attachment, as assessed by both instruments, was associated with the Poor attentional control style and beliefs in anomalous mental phenomena. Experience sampling is a valuable way to investigate everyday experiences in individuals with U/d attachment.

Previous research has identified that paramedics experience high levels of stress and sickness rates which have escalated in recent years due to changes to workforce restructuring. While a number of studies have investigated resilience among healthcare professionals, there is little research exploring how paramedics address work challenges and how they become resilient. Using psycho-social methodology, seven paramedics participated in Free Association Narrative interviewing; all were based at one regional centre. In line with the study design, data analysis adopted a psycho-social approach that generated four themes and 10 sub-themes which, characterised participants\' experiences. Coping and resilience was impacted upon via formal methods of support including management, debriefing and referral to outside agencies. Alongside this, more informal methods aided resilience. Informal methods included peer support, support from family and friends and the use of humour. Uniquely, this study uncovered how detachment is used to manage emotions. The study has implications for the services need to support the emotional needs of paramedics.