Composite resin bonding technology is the primary treatment method for dental restorations. With the development of polymer chemical materials, the properties, characteristics and applications of adhesive composite resins have changed greatly. Based on the previous edition guidelines and considered the property of composite resin materials, many Chinese dental experts recently discussed and reached a new consensus which mainly focused on the indications, operation specifications and matters needing attention in composite resin restoration technology.
复合树脂粘接修复技术是目前牙体修复的主要治疗手段和材料。随着高分子化学材料的进展，复合树脂材料的性能、特点以及应用范围发生了很大的改变。本文在原有指南的基础上组织专家结合材料的性能特点，就复合树脂修复技术的适应证、操作规范和注意事项达成新的共识。.

The longevity of direct adhesive restoration is related to the restorative materials, the patient and the professional. On one hand, dental composites/adhesives have been modified and developed to fulfill the criteria for clinical application. On the other hand, the clinical guidelines for adhesive restorations have been released and updated accordingly, which would prolong the longevity of restorations. In this commentary, the removal of carious tissues, interface preparation for bonding and application of adhesives are emphasized. The administrative measures for registration and clinical evaluation criteria for adhesive restorative material are also introduced.
复合树脂直接粘接修复术核心材料的性能制约着临床操作程序，进而影响临床疗效。为克服临床上出现的问题，学者们对复合树脂基质和填料不断研发以改良其性能；在成熟的酸蚀-冲洗-粘接牙釉质的基础上，突破牙本质粘接难点研发出自酸蚀粘接系统。尚未克服的材料性能的局限性要求通过严格的临床操作表达技术目标，美国、欧洲和中国均建立了相应的临床操作技术指南。本文通过分析材料性能，重点阐述了技术指南中关于牙体组织去腐、粘接界面准备和粘接剂应用3个关键环节，并介绍了材料进入临床的准入标准和临床疗效评价系统的应用。.

Direct adhesive composite restoration, a technique to restore tooth defects by bonding composite resin materials, has been widely used in the restoration of dental caries or other tooth defects. Retention of composite resin restoration mainly relies on bonding strength between the materials and dental tissue. The clinical outcomes rely greatly on the regulated clinical practice of dentists. In 2011, the Society of Cariology and Endodontology of Chinese Stomatological Association (CSA) published the \'Practices and evaluation criteria of composite resin bonded restoration (Discussion Version)\'. Since then, opinions and comments regarding the \'Discussion Version\' have been widely circulated within the Society. The final version of the guideline was based on systematic reviews of scientific literature and requirements for the edit of technical guidelines, and through several rounds of discussions, revisions and supplements. The society recommends this guideline for clinicians to use in their practices, when conducting direct composite restorations.

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The adhesive amalgam restoration technique combines the good properties of amalgam with the principles of tooth structure preservation and marginal seal inherent to adhesive materials. In spite of lack of longitudinal data, results of early clinical and laboratory tests are encouraging. If the present research is substantiated by clinical confirmation of their results, bonded amalgam restorations will become routine. The purpose of this article is to present a brief literature review on adhesive amalgam restoration and to introduce guidelines for its use.

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