磺胺类药物,喹诺酮类药物,四环素,大环内酯类抗生素是医疗和农业中使用最普遍的抗生素。抗生素的滥用导致其在环境中广泛传播。这些抗生素可以改变微生物群落的结构和功能,因此影响微生物介导的氮循环过程,包括硝化,反硝化,和anammox.它们可以改变导致一氧化二氮排放的nirK/norB的相对丰度,一种强效的温室气体.这篇综述全面检查了这四种抗生素在不同环境基质中的存在,并综合了它们对氮循环的影响的最新知识,包括潜在的机制。这样的概述对于理解抗生素的生态影响和指导未来的研究方向至关重要。抗生素在环境中的存在差异很大,在不同的环境中,浓度和类型存在显著差异。我们对70多篇研究文章进行了全面回顾,比较了各个方面,包括过程,抗生素,浓度范围,微生物来源,实验方法,和影响机制。抗生素可以抑制,没有效果,甚至刺激硝化,反硝化,和anammox,取决于实验条件。抗生素对氮循环的影响以剂量依赖性反应为特征,主要抑制硝化,反硝化,和anammox.这是通过改变微生物群落组成和多样性来实现的,碳源利用,反硝化酶活性,电子转移链功能,以及丰富的特定功能酶和抗生素抗性基因。这些改变可能导致活性氮的去除减少和一氧化二氮排放增加,可能加剧温室效应和相关的环境问题。未来的研究应考虑多种反应机制,并扩大研究范围,以研究多种抗生素的联合作用。以及它们与重金属和其他化学物质或生物的相互作用。
Sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolides are the most prevalent classes of antibiotics used in both medical treatment and agriculture. The misuse of antibiotics leads to their extensive dissemination in the environment. These antibiotics can modify the structure and functionality of microbial communities, consequently impacting microbial-mediated nitrogen cycling processes including nitrification,
denitrification, and anammox. They can change the relative abundance of nirK/norB contributing to the emission of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. This
review provides a comprehensive examination of the presence of these four antibiotic classes across different environmental matrices and synthesizes current knowledge of their effects on the nitrogen cycle, including the underlying mechanisms. Such an overview is crucial for understanding the ecological impacts of antibiotics and for guiding future research directions. The presence of antibiotics in the environment varies widely, with significant differences in concentration and type across various settings. We conducted a comprehensive
review of over 70 research articles that compare various aspects including processes, antibiotics, concentration ranges, microbial sources, experimental methods, and mechanisms of influence. Antibiotics can either inhibit, have no effect, or even stimulate nitrification,
denitrification, and anammox, depending on the experimental conditions. The influence of antibiotics on the nitrogen cycle is characterized by dose-dependent responses, primarily inhibiting nitrification,
denitrification, and anammox. This is achieved through alterations in microbial community composition and diversity, carbon source utilization, enzyme activities, electron transfer chain function, and the abundance of specific functional enzymes and antibiotic resistance genes. These alterations can lead to diminished removal of reactive nitrogen and heightened nitrous oxide emissions, potentially exacerbating the greenhouse effect and related environmental issues. Future research should consider diverse reaction mechanisms and expand the scope to investigate the combined effects of multiple antibiotics, as well as their interactions with heavy metals and other chemicals or organisms.