世界卫生组织将“信息流行病”定义为疾病爆发期间,信息在数字和物理环境中不受控制地传播的现象,造成混乱和冒险行为,可能损害健康。这项范围界定审查的目的是审查国际证据,并确定应对健康相关假新闻的策略和瓶颈。
■我们在PubMed上对2018年1月1日至2023年1月26日的文献进行了范围审查,WebofScience,和Scopus电子数据库。我们还在机构网站上搜索了灰色文献。研究问题已经根据PCC(人口,概念,和上下文)在范围界定评论中构建研究问题的助记符。
■科学数据库中的总体研究总共产生了5,516条记录。删除重复项后,筛选标题,摘要,和全文,我们收录了21篇来自科学文献的文章。此外,从机构网站检索到5份文件。根据他们的内容,我们决定将建议和瓶颈分为五个不同且定义明确的干预领域,我们称之为战略:“通过科学与社交媒体公司和用户之间的合作促进适当的沟通,机构和监管干预措施,\"\"检查和揭穿,“\”提高健康素养,通过新的数字工具进行监视和监控。\"
■从文献和机构收集建议的标准化工具包的多学科创建可以提供有效的解决方案来限制信息,加强公民和卫生专业人员的健康教育,提供识别假新闻的知识,以及支持创建和验证旨在进行预破坏和揭穿的AI工具。
UNASSIGNED: The World Health Organization defines \"infodemic\" as the phenomenon of an uncontrolled spread of information in digital and physical environments during a disease outbreak, causing confusion and risk-taking behaviors that can harm health. The aim of this scoping review is to examine international evidence and identify strategies and bottlenecks to tackle health-related fake news.
UNASSIGNED: We performed a scoping review of the literature from 1 January 2018 to 26 January 2023 on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases. We also performed a search of grey literature on institutional websites. The research question has been defined according to the PCC (population, concept, and context) mnemonic for constructing research questions in scoping reviews.
UNASSIGNED: The overall research in the scientific databases yielded a total of 5,516 records. After removing duplicates, and screening the titles, abstracts, and full texts, we included 21 articles from scientific literature. Moreover, 5 documents were retrieved from institutional websites. Based on their content, we decided to group recommendations and bottlenecks into five different and well-defined areas of intervention, which we called strategies: \"foster proper communication through the collaboration between science and social media companies and users,\" \"institutional and regulatory interventions,\" \"check and debunking,\" \"increase health literacy,\" and \"surveillance and monitoring through new digital tools.\"
UNASSIGNED: The multidisciplinary creation of standardized toolkits that collect recommendations from the literature and institutions can provide a valid solution to limit the infodemic, increasing the health education of both citizens and health professionals, providing the knowledge to recognize fake news, as well as supporting the creation and validation of AI tools aimed at prebunking and debunking.