肠道病毒(EV)是幼儿的主要病原体。这些病毒传统上分为以下四个亚属:脊髓灰质炎,柯萨奇A和B,和回声病毒。现在小儿麻痹症似乎在世界大部分地区都得到了控制,柯萨奇病毒和回声病毒正在获得更多的关注,因为(i)结构和病理生理学的相似性,以及(ii)转化医学中随之而来的可能性。肠道病毒主要通过口服和粪-口途径传播;临床表现包括发热,喂养不耐受,和嗜睡,随后可能是皮疹;无菌性脑膜炎和脑炎;胸膜痛;心肌心包炎;和多系统器官衰竭。实验室诊断主要基于逆转录酶-聚合酶链反应,细胞培养,和血清学。预防和治疗可以通过接种疫苗来实现。免疫球蛋白和抗病毒药物的给药。在这篇文章中,我们已经审查了这些病毒的特性,他们的临床表现,以及目前可用的检测方法,治疗,和预后。
Enteroviruses (EVs) are major pathogens in young infants. These viruses were traditionally classified into the following four subgenera: polio, coxsackie A and B, and echoviruses. Now that poliomyelitis seems to be controlled in most parts of the world, coxsackie and echoviruses are gaining more attention because (i) the structural and pathophysiological similarities and (ii) the consequent possibilities in translational medicine. Enteroviruses are transmitted mainly by oral and fecal-oral routes; the clinical manifestations include a viral prodrome including fever, feeding intolerance, and lethargy, which may be followed by exanthema; aseptic meningitis and encephalitis; pleurodynia; myopericarditis; and multi-system organ failure. Laboratory diagnosis is largely based on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, cell culture, and serology. Prevention and treatment can be achieved using vaccination, and administration of immunoglobulins and antiviral drugs. In this article, we have reviewed the properties of these viruses, their clinical manifestations, and currently available methods of detection, treatment, and prognosis.