背景:有氧运动被认为可以减轻衰老的认知能力下降。我们调查了在整个5年的运动干预中,不同的有氧运动干预和心肺适应性(CRF)对老年人认知的影响。方法:106名老年人(52名妇女,年龄70-77岁)被随机分配到高强度间歇训练(HIIT;~90%峰值心率),中等强度连续训练(MICT;~70%峰值心率),或控制5年。HIIT和MICT小组每周进行两次监督培训,而对照组被要求遵循国家体力活动指南(30分钟的体力活动/天)。在基线,1-,3-,5年随访,参与者参与认知测试(空间记忆,口头记忆,模式分离,处理速度,工作记忆,和规划能力),进行了临床试验,并填写了与健康相关的问卷。线性混合模型用于评估运动组和CRF(以峰值和最大摄氧量衡量)对每个认知测试的影响。还评估了CRF变化对整个干预期间每个认知测试得分变化的影响。使用线性回归法调查基线CRF与随访时认知能力之间的关联。结果:在认知测量方面没有分组时间的互动,在5年干预期间的任何时间点,HIIT和MICT参与均未与比对照组更好的认知表现相关。所有组均在第1年期间相似地增加其CRF,并且随后在5年之后下降回到基线水平。在整个干预期间,较高的CRF与较高的处理速度相关,而在干预期间增加的CRF与更好的工作记忆和更差的模式分离相关。基线时更高的CRF预测始终更好的处理速度和语言记忆性能。结论:在这项为期5年的随机对照试验中,研究了HIIT的作用,MICT,根据国家认知准则进行身体活动,与遵循国家体力活动指南相比,我们观察到运动干预组对认知没有影响。尽管如此,结果表明,提高CRF和提高CRF受益倍数,但不是全部,老年人的认知能力。临床试验注册:www。ClinicalTrials.gov,标识符[NCT01666340]。
Background: Aerobic exercise is proposed to attenuate cognitive decline in aging. We investigated the effect of different aerobic exercise interventions and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) upon cognition throughout a 5-year exercise intervention in older adults. Methods: 106 older adults (52 women, age 70-77 years) were randomized into high-intensity interval training (HIIT; ∼90% peak heart rate), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; ∼70% peak heart rate), or control for 5 years. The HIIT and MICT groups performed supervised training twice weekly, while the control group was asked to follow the national physical activity
guidelines (30 min of physical activity/day). At baseline, 1-, 3-, and 5-year follow-up, participants partook in cognitive testing (spatial memory, verbal memory, pattern separation, processing speed, working memory, and planning ability), underwent clinical testing, and filled out health-related questionnaires. Linear mixed models were used to assess the effects of the exercise group and CRF (measured as peak and max oxygen uptake) on each cognitive test. The effects of changes in CRF on changes in each cognitive test score throughout the intervention were also assessed. The associations between baseline CRF and cognitive abilities at the follow-ups were investigated using linear regressions. Results: There was no group-by-time interaction on the cognitive measures, and neither HIIT nor MICT participation was associated with better cognitive performance than control at any time point during the 5-year intervention. All groups increased their CRF similarly during the 1st year and subsequently declined back to baseline levels after 5 years. A higher CRF was associated with higher processing speed throughout the intervention while increasing CRF during the intervention was associated with better working memory and worse pattern separation. Higher CRF at baseline predicted consistently better processing speed and verbal memory performance. Conclusion: In this first 5-year randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of HIIT, MICT, and physical activity according to national
guidelines on cognition, we observed no effect of exercise intervention group on cognition when compared to following the national physical activity
guidelines. Still, the results showed that higher CRF and increasing CRF benefited multiple, but not all, cognitive abilities in older adults. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier [NCT01666340].