OBJECTIVE: Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects all organ systems and is characterized by numerous acute and chronic complications and comorbidities. Standardized codes are needed for complications/comorbidities used in real-world evidence (RWE) studies that rely on administrative and medical coding. This systematic literature review was conducted to produce a comprehensive list of complications/comorbidities associated with SCD, along with their diagnosis codes used in RWE studies.
METHODS: A search in MEDLINE and Embase identified studies published from 2016 to 2023. Studies were included if they were conducted in US SCD populations and reported complications/comorbidities and respective International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification (ICD-CM) codes. All identified complications/comorbidities and codes were reviewed by a certified medical coding expert and hematologist.
RESULTS: Of 1851 identified studies, 39 studies were included. The most reported complications/comorbidities were stroke, acute chest syndrome, pulmonary embolism, venous thromboembolism, and vaso-occlusive crisis. Most of the studies used ICD-9-CM codes (n = 21), while some studies used ICD-10-CM codes (n = 3) or both (n = 15), depending on the study period. Most codes reported in literature were heterogeneous across complications/comorbidities. The medical coding expert and hematologist recommended modifications for several conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: While many studies we identified did not report their codes and were excluded from this review, the studies with codes exhibited diverse coding definitions. By providing a standardized set of diagnosis codes that were reported by studies and reviewed by a coding expert and hematologist, our review can serve as a foundation for accurately identifying complications/comorbidities in future research, and may reduce heterogeneity, enhance transparency, and improve reproducibility. Future efforts focused on validating these code lists are needed.

UNASSIGNED: Health Information Managers (HIMs) play a crucial role in the management and governance of health information ensuring the accuracy, confidentiality and accessibility of health data for clinical care and business operational purposes. This role also extends to education and training in the workplace.
UNASSIGNED: The aim of this scoping review was to explore and elucidate the role played by HIMs when they undertake a health workplace-based (healthcare organisation or service) educational role and/or functions as evidenced in the existing body of literature.
UNASSIGNED: A scoping review of the literature to investigated the importance of the educator role for HIM health workplace-based educators. A three-step search strategy was designed to ensure a comprehensive exploration of relevant research.
UNASSIGNED: Of 63 articles assess for eligibility, 14 were included in the final analysis. All included articles acknowledged the importance of the HIM-educator workplace-based role. Half of the included articles had been published within the last 7 years. Only 8 of the 14 articles provided some description of HIM-educator attributes, suggesting that these characteristics remain unexplored.
UNASSIGNED: Findings from this scoping review have shed light on the limitations within the current available literature concerning the attributes of HIM health workplace-based educators. The findings also highlight an important gap in knowledge concerning the qualities of these HIM-educators.
UNASSIGNED: This identified gap in the literature signals a need for further exploration and investigation into the specific attributes, skills, and characteristics that define effective HIM-educators undertaking a health workplace-based educational role.

BACKGROUND: We conducted a systematic review to identify existing ICD-10 coding validation studies in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome [PSP/CBS]) and, in a new study, evaluated the accuracy of ICD-10 diagnostic codes for PSP/CBS in Scottish hospital inpatient and death certificate data.
METHODS: Original studies that assessed the accuracy of specific ICD-10 diagnostic codes in PSP/CBS were sought. Separately, we estimated the positive predictive value (PPV) of specific codes for PSP/CBS in inpatient hospital data (SMR01, SMR04) compared to clinical diagnosis in four regions. Sensitivity was assessed in one region due to a concurrent prevalence study. For PSP, the consistency of the G23.1 code in inpatient and death certificate coding was evaluated across Scotland.
RESULTS: No previous ICD-10 validation studies were identified. 14,767 records (SMR01) and 1497 records (SMR04) were assigned the candidate ICD-10 diagnostic codes between February 2011 and July 2019. The best PPV was achieved with G23.1 (1.00, 95% CI 0.93-1.00) in PSP and G23.9 in CBS (0.20, 95% CI 0.04-0.62). The sensitivity of G23.1 for PSP was 0.52 (95% CI 0.33-0.70) and G31.8 for CBS was 0.17 (95% CI 0.05-0.45). Only 38.1% of deceased G23.1 hospital-coded cases also had this coding on their death certificate: the majority (49.0%) erroneously assigned the G12.2 code.
CONCLUSIONS: The high G23.1 PPV in inpatient data shows it is a useful tool for PSP case ascertainment, but death certificate coding is inaccurate. The PPV and sensitivity of existing ICD-10 codes for CBS are poor due to a lack of a specific code.

Background: Australia uses the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) for mortality coding and its Australian Modification, ICD-10-AM, for morbidity coding. The ICD underpins surveillance (population health, mortality), health planning and research (clinical, epidemiological and others). ICD-10-AM also supports activity-based funding, thereby propelling realignment of the foci of clinical coding and, potentially, coded data\'s research utility. Objective: To conduct a scoping review of the literature exploring the use of ICD-10 and ICD-10-AM Australian-coded data in research. Research questions addressed herein: (1) What were the applications of ICD-10(-AM) Australian-coded data in published peer-reviewed research, 2012-2022? (2) What were the purposes of ICD-10(-AM) coded data within this context, as classified per a taxonomy of data use framework? Method: Following systematic Medline, Scopus and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature database searches, a scoping literature review was conducted using PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. References of a random 5% sample of within-scope articles were searched manually. Results were summarised using descriptive analyses. Results: Multi-stage screening of 2103 imported articles produced 636, including 25 from the references, for extraction and analysis; 54% were published 2019-2022; 50% within the largest five categories were published post-2019; 22% fell within the \"Mental health and behavioural\" category; 60.3% relied upon an ICD-10 modification. Articles were grouped by: research foci; relevant ICD chapter; themes per the taxonomy; purposes of the coded data. Observational study designs predominated: descriptive (50.6%) and cohort (34.6%). Conclusion: Researchers\' use of coded data is extensive, robust and growing. Increasing demand is foreshadowed for ICD-10(-AM) coded data, and HIM-Coders\' and Clinical Coders\' expert advice to medical researchers.

Clinical coding, the method by which departments are reimbursed for providing services to patients, is widely mispractised within the NHS. Improving clinical coding accuracy therefore offers an opportunity to increase departmental income, guide efficient resource allocation and enable staff development. The authors audited the clinical coding in outpatient hysteroscopy clinics at their institution and found that coding errors were both prevalent and correctable. By implementing simple changes in coding procedure, and without any additional administrative cost, they significantly improved coding accuracy and achieved an increase in total annual tariffs. Although not applicable in a block contract, this will become highly relevant in a restoration of the Payment by Results tariff system. Nurse development is a key objective of the NHS Long Term Plan but can be hindered by staff costs, which require departmental funding. In the authors\' institution, improved clinical coding accuracy directly led to a departmental restructuring, funded the development of a new hysteroscopy nurse development and improved care delivery. Coding errors are not unique to the authors\' trust, yet simple amendments led to meaningful changes. Therefore, careful auditing and implemented change are needed to raise national clinical coding standards, to enable clinical restructuring, staff development, and provide more efficient, patient-centred care.

Over the past 50 years, dental informatics has developed significantly in the field of health information systems. Accordingly, several studies have been conducted on standardized clinical coding systems, data capture, and clinical data reuse in dentistry.
Based on the definition of health information systems, the literature search was divided into three specific sub-searches: \"standardized clinical coding systems,\" \"data capture,\" and \"reuse of routine patient care data.\" PubMed and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed articles. The review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR protocol.
A total of 44 articles were identified for inclusion in the review. Of these, 15 were related to \"standardized clinical coding systems,\" 15 to \"data capture,\" and 14 to \"reuse of routine patient care data.\" Articles related to standardized clinical coding systems focused on the design and/or development of proposed systems, on their evaluation and validation, on their adoption in academic settings, and on user perception. Articles related to data capture addressed the issue of data completeness, evaluated user interfaces and workflow integration, and proposed technical solutions. Finally, articles related to reuse of routine patient care data focused on clinical decision support systems centered on patient care, institutional or population-based health monitoring support systems, and clinical research.
While the development of health information systems, and especially standardized clinical coding systems, has led to significant progress in research and quality measures, most reviewed articles were published in the US. Clinical decision support systems that reuse EDR data have been little studied. Likewise, few studies have examined the working environment of dental practitioners or the pedagogical value of using health information systems in dentistry.

Administrative hospital databases represent an important tool for hospital financing in many national health systems and are also an important data source for clinical, epidemiological and health services research. Therefore, the data quality of such databases is of utmost importance. This paper aims to present a systematic review of root causes of data quality problems affecting administrative hospital data, creating a catalogue of potential issues for data quality analysts to explore.
The MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched using inclusion criteria based on two following concept blocks: (1) administrative hospital databases and (2) data quality. Studies\' titles and abstracts were screened by two reviewers independently. Three researchers independently selected the screened studies based on their full texts and then extracted the potential root causes inferred from them. These were subsequently classified according to the Ishikawa model based on 6 categories: \"Personnel\", \"Material\", \"Method\", \"Machine\", \"Mission\" and \"Management\".
The result of our investigation and the contribution of this paper is a classification of the potential (105) root causes found through a systematic review of the 77 relevant studies we have identified and analyzed. The result was represented by an Ishikawa diagram. Most of the root causes (25.7%) were associated with the category \"Personnel\" - people\'s knowledge, preferences, education and culture, mostly related to clinical coders and health care providers activities. The quality of hospital documentation, within category \"Material\", and aspects related to financial incentives or disincentives, within category \"Mission\", were also frequently cited in the literature as relevant root causes for data quality issues.
The resultant catalogue of root causes, systematized using the Ishikawa framework, provides a compilation of potential root causes of data quality issues to be considered prior to reusing these data and that can point to actions aimed at improving data quality.

OBJECTIVE: To present the associated risk factors, prevention measures, and assessment and management of pseudoverrucous lesions specific to a surgically created ileal conduit, as well as three clinical scenarios illustrating this condition.
BACKGROUND: This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.
OBJECTIVE: After participating in this educational activity, the participant will:1. Define pseudoverrucous lesions.2. Identify the risk factors for stoma complications such as pseudoverrucous lesions.3. Select the appropriate routine care procedures to teach patients following stoma creation to help prevent pseudoverrucous lesions.4. Choose the recommended treatment options for patients who develop pseudoverrucous lesions.
Pseudoverrucous lesions are a late peristomal complication that occurs most commonly in people with urinary stomas. Impairment of the peristomal skin can result in pouching system leaks that can translate into odor, embarrassment, and diminished quality of life. Prevention is key to maintaining smooth, dry skin and intact psyche. Treatment revolves around outpatient postoperative follow-up, refitting the pouching system to eliminate moisture impacting the peristomal area, modification of pouching system wear time, acidification of the urine, and intensive education. This review includes three case scenarios to support early, intermediate, and late-stage intervention guidelines. Some interventions were successful; one case remains unresolved.

OBJECTIVE: Second-opinion pathology review identifies clinically significant diagnostic discrepancies for some patients. Discrepancy rates and laboratory-specific costs in a single health care system for patients referred from regional affiliates to a comprehensive cancer center (\"main campus\") have not been reported.
METHODS: Main campus second-opinion pathology cases for 740 patients from eight affiliated hospitals during 2016 to 2018 were reviewed. Chart review was performed to identify changes in care due to pathology review. To assess costs of pathology interpretation, reimbursement rates for consultation Current Procedural Terminology billing codes were compared with codes that would have been used had the cases originated at the main campus.
RESULTS: Diagnostic discrepancies were identified in 104 (14.1%) patients, 30 (4.1%) of which resulted in a change in care. In aggregate, reimbursement for affiliate cases was 65.6% of the reimbursement for the same cases had they originated at the main campus. High-volume organ systems with low relative consultation reimbursement included gynecologic, breast, and thoracic.
CONCLUSIONS: Preventable diagnostic errors are reduced by pathology review for patients referred within a single health care system. Although the resulting changes in care potentially lead to overall cost savings, the financial value of referral pathology review could be improved.

The transition from International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification (ICD-9-CM) to ICD-10-CM poses a challenge to epidemiologic studies that use diagnostic codes to identify health outcomes and covariates. We evaluated coding trends in health outcomes in the US Food and Drug Administration\'s Sentinel System during the transition.
We reviewed all health outcomes coding trends reports on the Sentinel website through November 30, 2019 and analyzed trends in incidence and prevalence across the ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM eras by visual inspection.
We identified 78 unique health outcomes (22 acute, 32 chronic, and 24 acute or chronic) and 140 time-series graphs of incidence and prevalence. The reports also included code lists and code mapping methods used. Of the 140 graphs reviewed, 81 (57.9%) showed consistent trends across the ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM eras, while 51 (36.4%) and 8 (5.7%) graphs showed inconsistent and uncertain trends, respectively. Chronic HOIs and acute/chronic HOIs had higher proportions of consistent trends in prevalence definitions (83.9% and 78.3%, respectively) than acute HOIs (28.6%). For incidence, 55.6% of acute HOIs showed consistent trends, while 41.2% of chronic HOIs and 39.3% of acute/chronic HOIs showed consistency.
Researchers using ICD-10-CM algorithms obtained by standardized mappings from ICD-9-CM algorithms should assess the mapping performance before use. The Sentinel reports provide a valuable resource for researchers who need to develop and assess mapping strategies. The reports could benefit from additional information about the algorithm selection process and additional details on monthly incidence and prevalence rates.
We reviewed health outcomes coding trends reports on the US FDA Sentinel website through November 30, 2019 and analyzed trends in incidence and prevalence across the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and ICD-10-CM eras by code mapping method and the type of health outcomes of interest (acute, chronic, acute or chronic). More than a third of the 140 time-series graphs of incidence and prevalence of health outcomes showed inconsistent or uncertain trends. Consistency in trends varied by code mapping method, type of health outcomes of interest, and whether the measurement was incidence or prevalence. Studies using ICD-9-CM-based algorithms mapped to ICD-10-CM codes need to assess the performance of the mappings and conduct manual refinement of the algorithms as needed before using them.