OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a rare case of ciliary body leiomyoma in our patient Case report: A 72-year-old female reported to our clinic for a preventive examination, upon which we found a dome-shaped grey-brownish mass on the retinal periphery. After completing gonioscopic and ultrasound examinations, we referred the patient to a specialist facility. Due to a finding of suspicious malignant melanoma, we completed the MRI scan and recommended enucleation of the eyeball. A histopathological examination showed a leiomyoma of the ciliary body.
CONCLUSIONS: The aim of this case report is to demonstrate the difficulty of intraocular leiomyoma diagnosis. Only immunohistochemical examination differentiated the tumor from malignant melanoma and determined the diagnosis of ciliary body leiomyoma. Perhaps because of the extreme rarity of this type of tumor, we often neglect to consider a diagnosis of leiomyoma.

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BACKGROUND: Ocular tuberculosis is a relatively rare extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis. This vision-threatening disease is extremely challenging to diagnose, particularly because it can mimic other diseases. We report a case of tuberculous ciliary body granuloma initially diagnosed as bullous retinal detachment.
METHODS: A 52-year-old female presented with bullous retinal detachment in her left eye, and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) verified the presence of a lesion with ciliary body granulomatous inflammation. The T-SPOT was positive, and the purified protein derivative (PPD) test was strongly positive (diameter of 20 mm). Following the administration of oral anti-tuberculosis regimen combined with prednisone, the retina gradually became reattached, the ciliary body granuloma became significantly reduced in size, and the visual acuity of the patient noticeably improved.
CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculous ciliary body granulomas can cause bullous exudative retinal detachment and can be diagnosed with UBM. Early and full-course anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) combined with corticosteroid therapy can improve the patient prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Ciliary body tumor is extremely rare and treatment is challenging. The aim of this study is to present our experience in treating this rare entity, especially large tumors with more than 5 clock hours of involvement, and to evaluate the surgical outcomes and complications of local resection via partial lamellar sclerouvectomy in four cases of ciliary body tumors in China.
METHODS: Four patients with ciliary body tumors underwent partial lamellar sclerouvectomy between October 2019 and April 2023 in Shanghai General Hospital, China. Tumor features, histopathologic findings, complications, visual acuity, and surgical outcomes were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 20.8 months.
RESULTS: Four patients with a mean age of 31.8 years were included in this study. The histopathological diagnosis was adenoma of non-pigmented ciliary epithelium (ANPCE), schwannoma, and multiple ciliary body pigment epithelial cysts. The mean largest tumor base diameter was 6.00 mm (range: 2.00-10.00) and the mean tumor thickness was 3.50 mm (range: 2.00-5.00). Preoperative complications included cataract in 3 (75%) eyes, lens dislocation in 2 (50%), and secondary glaucoma in 1 (25%). Temporary ocular hypotonia was observed in one case and no other postoperative complications were observed. At a mean follow-up of 20.8 months, the best corrected visual acuity increased in 3 eyes and was stable in 1 eye. Tumor recurrence was absent in all eyes. All patients were alive at the end of follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: Local tumor resection via PLSU is useful in the treatment of ciliary body tumors, including large tumors occupying more than five clock hours of pars plicata. Surgery-related complications were manageable with adequate preoperative assessment and careful operation during surgery.

BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and it is the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable one and trabeculectomy is commonly considered the surgical \"gold standard\" to decrease IOP. In particular cases, other kind of surgeries, as the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) implant, are a reliable alternative. Usually, the silicone tube of AGV surgery is inserted into the anterior chamber. Sometimes it is necessary to place the AGV silicone tube in the ciliary sulcus, especially in cases of endothelial decompensation. This surgical procedure is not always easy to perform.
METHODS: This article describes and presents a technique for inserting the AGV tube into the posterior chamber using a guide-wire, in a total of 12 cases are reported. This procedure has been mostly applied in a group of pseudophakic patients who need AGV placement to control elevated IOP. In exceptional situations, this procedure was applied in pseudophakic patients previously with AGV tube implanted in the anterior chamber and with loss of endothelial cells or in phakic patients with previously implanted AGV anterior chamber tube, simultaneously to cataract surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: The purpose of these cases presentations attended at our service is to demonstrate the passage of the AGV silicone tube was performed with the aid of a guide wire.

BACKGROUND: We present two cases of vitreous hemorrhage after micropulse cyclophotocoagulation one of which had concurrent hyphema. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first cases of vitreous hemorrhage due to micropulse CPC in the United States.
METHODS: The first case is an 82-year-old woman with bilateral severe primary open angle glaucoma. BCVA in the right eye was 20/25, and 10-2 Humphrey visual field showed severe peripheral defects. The patient underwent MPCPC of the right eye and at one week, a settled 2 mm hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage confirmed by B-scan were noted. At three months, the patient had a BCVA of 20/80 with an IOP of 12 and retina consultation deferred a PPV. The second case is of a patient with bilateral moderate stage POAG who underwent MPCPC in both eyes. His original VA was 20/200 bilaterally. At 2 weeks, RE VA was count fingers at one foot and LE was 20/150-1. At two months, a RE B scan revealed dense vitreous opacities. Retina consultation revealed vitreous hemorrhage but a PPV was deferred.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be aware of the risks of bleeding and the potential need for additional surgical interventions after MPCPC.

OBJECTIVE: We systematically reviewed the case report literature to identify cases of uveal metastases originating from thyroid cancer (TC), evaluate factors and indications in uveal metastases from TC, and provide clinical insights through recent case studies.
METHODS: Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus databases were searched for case reports or series reporting uveal metastasis from a thyroid neoplasm. Articles published in any language from inception through November 2022 were searched and screened independently by two reviewers. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports.
RESULTS: A total of 1049 records were screened, resulting in the identification of 46 cases from 43 studies. The mean (SD) age at uveal metastases diagnosis was 58.44 (±17.99) years with the median (interquartile range) of 56.5 (29.75) (range, 20-83 years), with 34.8% of cases (16/46) cases reported in elderly patients (>64 years). The sample consisted of 56.5% (26/46) male patients. Uveal metastases were observed in the right eye in 16 cases, the left eye in 19 cases, and both eyes in 11 cases. Choroidal involvement was present in 84.8% of cases (39/46) cases. Papillary carcinoma was the most common thyroid cancer type (34.8%, 16/46), followed by follicular carcinoma (32.6%, 15/46), and medullary carcinoma (21.7%, 10/46).
CONCLUSIONS: Uveal metastases have been observed to appear in metastatic TC, and physicians should approach ocular symptoms cautiously in cases that accompany a neck mass or a history of previous TC.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-CPC) in paediatric patients.
METHODS: This retrospective case-series recruited 44 eyes for glaucoma patients who were younger than 17 years and were treated with MP-CPC and followed for at least one year. Pre- and post-intervention intraocular pressure (IOP) was compared out to at least one year postoperatively. Success rates at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively were assessed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: There were 35 (79.5%) eyes with a history of glaucoma surgery. IOP decreased statistically significantly from a baseline of 32.7 (standard deviation:8.7 mmHg) to 23.2 (8.6) and 21.7 (7.9) mmHg at the 6 months and 1-year follow-up, respectively (P < 0.0001, all comparisons). Overall success was noted in 19 (47.5%) eyes at the 6 months follow-up, and 23 (53.5%) eyes at 1 year.
CONCLUSIONS: MP-CPC reduces IOP and the burden of medications in paediatric patients with glaucoma. Additionally, its safety profile favours the use of MP-CPC as an adjunctive modality for refractory glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE: To examine complications, visual outcomes, photic patient-reported symptoms, corneal morphology, IOL tilt, and intraocular pressure after implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) and iris prosthesis (IP) following iridocyclectomy.
METHODS: Patients with previous iridocyclectomy treated with an IOL and IP at the Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet between 2007 and 2018 were included in this national retrospective non-comparative case series. The assessment encompassed BCVA, PRO questionnaire, corneal topography, and anterior segment OCT.
RESULTS: 45 patients were included. Eight of 45 patients were previously treated with ruthenium-106 brachytherapy in conjunction with iridocyclectomy. Six of 45 patients developed endothelial dysfunction four of whom had received ruthenium-106 brachytherapy. Five of 45 patients had subluxation of the IOL/IP complex due to incomplete zonula apparatus. BCVA improved for all patients after lens surgery. 26 patients participated in the invited follow-up examination. 19 of 26 (73%) reported none or mild photic symptoms after IP instalment. Five (19%) reported ongoing severe photic symptoms. The corneal astigmatism significantly increased after iridocyclectomy but did not change after lens surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of an IOL and IP is a safe procedure, alleviating photic symptoms in most patients. It comes with higher risk of complications due to a more demanding procedure and larger surgical traumas from previous treatments. Ruthenium-106 brachytherapy increases the complication risk. Corneal astigmatism is induced by iridocyclectomy but does not change after lens surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Intraocular schwannoma is a rare tumour, which is often misdiagnosed. We presented the demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with intraocular schwannoma.
METHODS: Retrospective case series were collected between May 2005 and July 2021 in Beijing Tongren Hospital.
RESULTS: A total of 28 patients were diagnosed with intraocular schwannoma on histopathological examination of surgical specimen. The median age was 39 years (range: 12-64). Fourteen patients were female and 14 were male. Among the all subjects, 21/28 patients (75.0%) presented as visual loss, and 3/28 patients (10.7%) had visual field loss. Intraocular schwannoma presented as nonpigmented mass in the ciliary body in 12/28 cases (42.9%), in the choroid in 9/28 cases (32.1%), and in ciliochoroid in 7/28 cases (25.0%). Intraocular schwannoma was often clinically misdiagnosed as uveal melanoma, which occurred in 16/28 patients (57.1%). Tumour excision with pars plana vitrectomy was performed for all included patients. Endoresection with lens removal was performed for tumours in the choroid, while transscleral resection was performed for tumours located in ciliary body or ciliochoroid. Increased light transmission was detected in 12/28 cases (42.9%). In the consecutive follow-up (median: 73 months, range: 7-193 months), no cases of recurrence or metastatic disease were detected.
CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular schwannoma is a rare benign tumour. It usually presents as nonpigmented mass, which can easily be misdiagnosed as nonpigmented uveal melanoma.