UNASSIGNED: Chemical burns, particularly injuries related to psychiatric illnesses, are underreported in the literature. We present two cases of self-inflicted alkali chemical burns managed conservatively. Frequent clinical review of the burn was aimed to ensure appropriate healing and compliance with the treatment plan based on regular dressing changes.
UNASSIGNED: A 24-year-old woman presented during the first day of the initial injury with a minor self-inflicted chemical burn to the right forearm. The causative agent was an oven cleaner containing sodium hydroxide triggering an alkali-based burn. The surface area of the injury was 0.5% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness burn. The patient had a complex psychiatric history diagnosed with personality disorder, anxiety and depression.
UNASSIGNED: A 55-year-old woman presented with a self-inflicted left forearm full-thickness burn (0.5% TBSA). This was five days after the initial injury from an oven cleaner containing sodium hydroxide. The patient had a psychiatric history of anxiety and depressive disorder.The mainstay of burn management was conservative with regular dressing changes and a topical agent. Telemedicine via a designated email address was given to the patient for virtual clinical burn review and any urgent issues. Photograph of the initial burn was taken, and clinic visits were scheduled to determine healing progress.
UNASSIGNED: Self-inflicted chemical burns are to be managed within a multidisciplinary setting including early psychiatric involvement. We advocate a holistic approach to determine conservative or operative management, taking into account patient factors, burn complexity and clinician\'s judgement to streamline the treatment plan.
UNASSIGNED: Chemical burns due to self-harm are rare to see in clinical practice. A review of two cases secondary to intentional burns sustained using an oven cleaning material. Patients had psychiatric issues and were on medications to control symptoms. Close observation with regular dressings and topical cream would allow burns to heal without the need for an operation. Our recommendation would be to treat these burns with dressings and regular follow up in the clinic or virtually till healed.

Due to increased migration, dentists are encountering patients with varied cultural practices. The main aim of this study was to report three cases in which cultural/individual oral practices appeared to be suggestive of disease, leading to initial misdiagnoses. We describe the case findings of three individuals treated at the Oral Diagnosis Clinic at the College of Dentistry at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In two cases, the patients presented with a missing uvula and dark maxillary gingiva. The initial diagnoses in both cases were incorrect. Further questioning revealed that the individuals had gingival tattoos and uvulectomies performed for traditional reasons. The patient in the third case presented with a diffuse red and white bilateral lesion on the buccal mucosa. The initial diagnosis was possible speckled leukoplakia. Upon further questioning, a definitive diagnosis of a chemical burn from a coarse salt mouth rinse due to personal oral practices was made. A literature review of these cultural practices is included. Our case report findings and the literature review highlight the need to consider cultural practices that can affect oral health and cause unusual oral findings when recording medical histories. Increasing awareness regarding these practices may help dentists provide appropriate treatment plans and reduce misdiagnoses. Furthermore, by understanding cultural practices, dentists may educate their patients about the harmful effects of some of these traditions.

Chemical burns account for a small percentage of burns but contribute to significant number of burn-related mortalities. The major challenge posed by chemical burns is difficulty in correct depth estimation, as the damage continues to progress until they are effectively neutralized. Besides the most common etiology of chemical burns by alkalis and acids, there are many other unique causes of chemical burns. The author describes a case of chemical burns by heavy duty paint remover, the main composition of which is methylene chloride. Although several studies about methylene chloride poisoning are available in literature, only one case report of burns due to methylene chloride exists in literature. These burns are unique in their presentation. The author describes the presentation and challenges in management of this burn. Clinical trial registration  Not applicable.

Although they account for a small proportion of burns in paediatrics, injuries from chemicals can be just as devastating as other mechanisms of burn injury. At least 25,000 chemicals exist which can cause burns: in children, they are often caused by household chemicals via accidental exposure. The mechanism by which corrosive substances produce chemical burns highlights the importance of early and plentiful irrigation of the burn area, removal of contaminated clothes and careful clinical assessment. Surgical intervention is uncommon but often follows the principles for thermal burns. This article reviews the aetiology, incidence, clinical presentation, management, complications and prevention of chemical burns. What is Known • Chemical burns in paediatrics are often caused by accidental exposure to chemicals available at home • Differences in the pathophysiology of chemical burns reinforces the need for early irrigation What is New • New irrigation fluids show promise in adults and need further study in children • The nature of chemical cutaneous burns can make assessment of wound depth difficult. Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI) is an accurate technique that can be used clinically to determine burn depth in thermal burns and is an area of future interest in the assessment of chemical burns.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse quality of life post vitriolage and explore factors affecting an individual\'s everyday functioning after an acid attack.
METHODS: Integrative review.
METHODS: Articles (N = 570) retrieved from Medline, CINAHL Embase and Psychinfo between 2004-2017. Reference chaining and hand-searching yielded 12 further articles. A total 12 articles were reviewed.
METHODS: Whittemore and Knalf (2005) Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52, 546-553.
RESULTS: Five themes were identified; contextual factors, physical wounds, psychological wounds, social wounds, and legal factors, as demonstrated by a conceptual model exploring traumatic events experienced by survivors.
CONCLUSIONS: The event, the burn injury itself, scarring and ocular damage are core factors that impair quality of life. Patients find it difficult to reintegrate into society following the assault and discrepancies between medico-legal and social services further prevent them from achieving their pre-morbid level of functioning. Nurses can use the biopsychosocial findings of this review to provide effective care for those assaulted by acid. It also provides a basis of discussion and application to other permanently disfiguring conditions and intentional injuries.
CONCLUSIONS: This review has found survivors of acid assaults experience legal, physical, psychological, and social problems. Findings suggest that no single person will have the same experiences since the burden of injury is dependent on socio-cultural and contextual factors rather than the degree of injury alone. Inadequate coordination between multidisciplinary services hinders reintegration into society; causing permanent traumatization for some survivors. This review can assist nurses in understanding how acid assaults impact on quality of life to enable more holistic care provision.
目的: 在于分析酸性物质攻击后的生活质量,并探讨在此之后影响日常行为的诸多因素。 设计: 整合综述。 资料来源: 2004至2017年间,在Medline、CINAHL、Embase和Psychinfo 上检索了(570篇)文章。参考链接和手工搜索产生了其他12篇文章。共审查了12篇文章。 综述方法: Whittemore and Knalf (2005) Journal of Advanced Nursing,52,546-553。 结果: 确定了五大主题;情境因素、身体创伤、心理创伤、社会创伤和法律因素,正如探讨幸存者创伤事件经历概念模型所证明的那样。 结论: 事故、烧伤本身、疤痕和眼睛损伤是影响生活质量的核心因素。在遭受酸性物质攻击后,患者发现很难重新融入社会,而且医疗、法律和社会服务之间的差异进一步阻碍了他们达到生病前的功能水平。护士们可以利用这篇综述的生物心理社会调查结果为那些遭受酸性物质攻击的患者提供有效的护理。它还为讨论和应用于其他永久性毁容病情和故意伤害提供了基础。 影响: 这篇综述发现,遭受酸性物质攻击的幸存者经历了法律、身体、心理和社会方面的问题。调查结果表明,没有一个人会有同样的经历,原因在于损伤带来的负担取决于社会文化和背景因素,而不仅仅是损伤程度。多学科服务之间的协调不足阻碍了 重新融入社会;给一些幸存者造成了永久性创伤。这篇综述可以帮助护士们了解酸性物质攻击对生活质量的影响,从而提供更为全面的护理。.

The objective was to perform a thorough review of published and other available data to elucidate the extent of chemical skin injuries in the US. Chemical skin injuries differ significantly from skin lesions produced by other injury mechanisms, so this review was restricted to the former. Retrieval of relevant published data was performed in PubMed and Google. Other data were retrieved from the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Databank, American Burn Association National Burn Repository, US Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, websites of all 50 US States Departments of Health, and the National Poison Data System of the American Association of Poison Control Centers. Two areas of significance in disfiguring skin burn injuries and particularly of chemical skin injuries, psychosocial issues and the associated financial burden, have been briefly reviewed. Because of the paucity of published data, international as well as US data have been included. A brief description of an active flushing fluid as an alternative to potable water, Diphoterine® solution, has also been included. Chemical skin injuries generally comprise approximately 2-5% of all skin burns, but sometimes higher percentages have been reported. Data analysis shows that while there are various sources regarding the epidemiology of chemical skin injuries, the total annual number cannot be determined because there is no centralized US national reporting mechanism. Literature and clinical experience demonstrate the importance of chemical skin injuries in USA. Dermal exposures to chemicals can result in mortality and morbidity. Chemical skin injuries can be avoided or ameliorated and preventive advanced measures should be taken to reduce or ameliorate them.