The aim of this report was to review oral follicular lymphoid hyperplasia, with emphasis on palatal lesions.
A comprehensive search was performed on PubMed for case reports and case series of palatal follicular lymphoid hyperplasia published in the English language literature. Relevant data from collated articles was sought, including patient demographics, clinical manifestations, imaging modalities and findings, comorbidities, etiopathogenesis, lesional management, and lesional outcome. A new palatal case has also been provided to illustrate several features of this lesion.
In total, 32 cases were assembled to establish clinicopathologic correlations, representing the largest aggregation of published cases. Most of the affected patients were at least 60 years old and with a decisive female predilection. The majority of lesions were ≤ 3 cm, appearing as normal color, purple-red or red, and varied from soft to firm. Notably, 32% of palatal follicular lymphoid hyperplasias were associated with denture wear, and lesional recurrence was recorded in 16% of cases. To date, none of the reported cases of palatal follicular lymphoid hyperplasia has undergone malignant transformation.
Palatal follicular lymphoid hyperplasias often arise as a reactive process. Critical histopathologic and histochemical assessments are necessary to establish benignity. Postoperatively, clinicians should follow patients for at least 5 years for recurrence and remain vigilant for neoplastic change as several published accounts of non-oral follicular lymphoid hyperplasias have undergone malignant transformation, usually to lymphoma.

The present study aimed to review monkeypox infection during pregnancy: its epidemiology and etiology, transmission, clinical manifestations and complications, diagnosis, management, antenatal testing and delivery, prevention, awareness, and recommendations. Monkeypox can spread via vertical transmission. The usual clinical symptoms include fever, rash (vesicles, crust), new genital lesions, or sore throat. It is only recommended to use cidofovir in pregnant patients when they are severely infected with monkeypox. All woman who are at high risk of exposure for monkeypox need to be vaccinated with the smallpox vaccine regardless of their pregnancy status. Monitoring includes regular non-stress test monitoring in addition to ultrasound performed at various stages of pregnancy. High index of suspicion, informed physicians, reporting of cases, and support of research are all needed for the management of monkeypox infection during pregnancy.

The areas of Research Ethics (RE) and Research Integrity (RI) are rapidly evolving. Cases of research misconduct, other transgressions related to RE and RI, and forms of ethically questionable behaviors have been frequently published. The objective of this scoping review was to collect RE and RI cases, analyze their main characteristics, and discuss how these cases are represented in the scientific literature.
The search included cases involving a violation of, or misbehavior, poor judgment, or detrimental research practice in relation to a normative framework. A search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, JSTOR, Ovid, and Science Direct in March 2018, without language or date restriction. Data relating to the articles and the cases were extracted from case descriptions.
A total of 14,719 records were identified, and 388 items were included in the qualitative synthesis. The papers contained 500 case descriptions. After applying the eligibility criteria, 238 cases were included in the analysis. In the case analysis, fabrication and falsification were the most frequently tagged violations (44.9%). The non-adherence to pertinent laws and regulations, such as lack of informed consent and REC approval, was the second most frequently tagged violation (15.7%), followed by patient safety issues (11.1%) and plagiarism (6.9%). 80.8% of cases were from the Medical and Health Sciences, 11.5% from the Natural Sciences, 4.3% from Social Sciences, 2.1% from Engineering and Technology, and 1.3% from Humanities. Paper retraction was the most prevalent sanction (45.4%), followed by exclusion from funding applications (35.5%).
Case descriptions found in academic journals are dominated by discussions regarding prominent cases and are mainly published in the news section of journals. Our results show that there is an overrepresentation of biomedical research cases over other scientific fields compared to its proportion in scientific publications. The cases mostly involve fabrication, falsification, and patient safety issues. This finding could have a significant impact on the academic representation of misbehaviors. The predominance of fabrication and falsification cases might diverge the attention of the academic community from relevant but less visible violations, and from recently emerging forms of misbehaviors.

To inform researchers about the methodology and results of epidemic estimation studies performed for COVID-19 epidemic in Iran, we aimed to perform a rapid review.
We searched for and included published articles, preprint manuscripts and reports that estimated numbers of cumulative or daily deaths or cases of COVID-19 in Iran. We found 131 studies and included 29 of them.
The included studies provided outputs for a total of 84 study-model/scenario combinations. Sixteen studies used 3-4 compartmental disease models. At the end of month two of the epidemic (2020-04-19), the lowest (and highest) values of predictions were 1,777 (388,951) for cumulative deaths, 20,588 (2,310,161) for cumulative cases, and at the end of month four (2020-06-20), were 3,590 (1,819,392) for cumulative deaths, and 144,305 (4,266,964) for cumulative cases. Highest estimates of cumulative deaths (and cases) for latest date available in 2020 were 418,834 on 2020-12-19 (and 41,475,792 on 2020-12-31). Model estimates predict an ominous course of epidemic progress in Iran. Increase in percent population using masks from the current situation to 95% might prevent 26,790 additional deaths (95% confidence interval 19,925-35,208) by the end of year 2020.
Meticulousness and degree of details reported for disease modeling and statistical methods used in the included studies varied widely. Greater heterogeneity was observed regarding the results of predicted outcomes. Consideration of minimum and preferred reporting items in epidemic estimation studies might better inform future revisions of the available models and new models to be developed. Not accounting for under-reporting drives the models\' results misleading.

UNASSIGNED: This review aimed to explore and summarise available cases of delirium suspected to be associated with the use of macrolide antibiotics reported in the literature and the United States Food and Drug Administration\'s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.
UNASSIGNED: Electronic searches of the literature were conducted in four online databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and Serbian Citation Index (SCIndeks). A search of FAERS database was also conducted to supplement the findings of the literature search. Descriptive statistics, narrative summation and tabulation of the extracted data were made.
UNASSIGNED: Cases of delirium which satisfied inclusion criteria were found for clarithromycin, azithromycin, erythromycin and telithromycin. Delirium was described in patients of various age groups, including children. Drug-drug interactions may have contributed to its occurrence in some of the cases. Average time to onset of delirium was 2.5 days for azithromycin and 3.3 days for clarithromycin.
UNASSIGNED: Considering that these drugs may be a possible cause of delirium, clinicians should be aware that timely recognition of this possible side effect can lead to earlier discontinuation of the culprit drug, reduce time spent in a delirious state and improve patients\' outcomes.KEY POINTSCases of delirium which satisfied inclusion criteria were found for clarithromycin, azithromycin, erythromycin and telithromycin.Cases of delirium were described in patients of various age groups, including children.Drug-drug interactions may have contributed to the occurrence of delirium in some of the cases.Time to onset of delirium ranged from 2 to 3.5 days (mean: 2.5 days) for azithromycin and from 1 to 7 days (mean: 3.3 days) for clarithromycin.Cessation of the macrolide antibiotic seems to be the best management strategy, although some of the patients may, in addition, require antipsychotics.