大气气体和颗粒物(PM)与材料表面接触会导致化学和物理变化,在大多数情况下,这会导致文化遗产材料的退化。大气破坏和污染被认为是空气污染引起的文化遗产材料恶化的两种关键形式。然而,PM的大气损害效应相当复杂;其可变成分加速了劣化过程。考虑到这一点,这项工作的重要贡献之一是回顾了有关PM对大气损害影响的现有知识,进一步认识到,并批判性地评估当前理解中的主要差距。与文化遗产物质和PM污染有关的第二种现象是污染。即使很早以前就认识到了污染,它的定义和知识几十年来没有太大变化。在过去,认为黑碳(BC)是主要的污染剂,并且亮度的变化可以有效地测量污染。随着污染形势的变化,亮度测量值不能正确表示污染程度。因此,这项工作的额外贡献是,污染测量的关键评估,因此,由于污染状况的变化,提出了污染的重新定义。尽管许多研究已经分别处理了污染和大气损害,这两个过程之间有重叠。关于大气PM引起的污染与大气损害之间的协同作用,尚无系统的研究。
Atmospheric gases and particulate matter (PM) in contact with the material\'s surface lead to chemical and physical changes, which in most cases cause degradation of the cultural heritage material. Atmospheric damage and soiling are recognized as two pivotal forms of deterioration of cultural heritage materials caused by air pollution. However, the atmospheric damage effect of PM is rather complicated; its variable composition accelerates the deterioration process. Considering this, one of the important contributions of this work is to
review the existing knowledge on PM influence on atmospheric damage, further recognize, and critically evaluate the main gaps in current understanding. The second phenomenon related to cultural heritage material and PM pollution is soiling. Even if soiling was recognized long ago, its definition and knowledge have not changed much for several decades. In the past, it was believed that black carbon (BC) was the primary soiling agent and that the change of the lightness could effectively measure the soiling. With the change of pollution situation, the lightness measurements do not represent the degree of soiling correctly. The additional contribution of this work is thus, the critical evaluation of soiling measurements, and accordingly, due to the change of pollution situation, redefinition of soiling is proposed. Even though numerous studies have treated soiling and atmospheric damage separately, there is an overlap between these two processes. No systematic studies exist on the synergy between soiling and atmospheric damage caused by atmospheric PM.