■焦虑是全世界最普遍的心理健康状况之一,和心理治疗技术可以用来帮助管理和减轻症状。虽然可用的治疗方法很多,关键策略通常涉及认知和/或实施技术。在以身体为中心的方法中,以呼吸为导向的方法特别普遍,注意或主动控制呼吸。作为对身体状态的感知(即,人际感受)被认为是情感生成的一个组成部分,这些实施和呼吸技术可能是解决大脑和身体之间沟通不畅的关键,这种沟通被认为存在焦虑。因此,我们进行了系统评价和荟萃分析,以评估急性心理干预对状态焦虑的影响.
■这项系统审查是根据PRISMA声明进行的,并在PROSPERO中进行了前瞻性注册。在PubMed,PsycINFO,还有Scopus.我们考虑了专注于认知的干预措施,实施或呼吸策略,或这些技术的组合。12项研究符合我们的纳入标准,研究特点,评估质量和效果大小.一项单一的认知研究被发现可以适度减少状态焦虑,而在评估实施方式的研究中发现了中等至较大的影响。相比之下,仅使用基于呼吸的干预措施的研究产生了不一致的结果,根据所采用的技术,对呼吸的关注和主动控制都会产生很大的影响。最后,使用涉及被动注意的组合技术发现了一致的中等效果(例如,朝向认知,身体和/或呼吸),与主动组合技术产生不一致的结果。
■虽然关于简短干预的研究数量有限,认知和实施技术始终有助于减少状态焦虑,虽然基于呼吸的练习需要考虑所采用的具体技术,以及这对每个人来说有多成功。此外,结合实践,如正念也可以是成功的,尽管在对一个或多个元素进行主动更改时必须小心。
■CRD42024507585可从以下网址获得:https://www.crd.约克。AC.uk/prospro/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024507585。
UNASSIGNED: Anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental health conditions worldwide, and psychotherapeutic techniques can be employed to help manage and mitigate symptoms. While the available therapies are numerous, key strategies often involve cognitive and/or embodiment techniques. Within body-centered methods, breathing-oriented approaches are particularly prevalent, using either attention towards or active control of breathing. As the perception of body states (i.e., interoception) is thought to be an integral component of emotion generation, these embodiment and breathing techniques may be key in addressing the miscommunication between the brain and body that is thought to exist with anxiety. Therefore, we conducted a systematic
review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of acute administration of psychological interventions for state anxiety.
UNASSIGNED: This systematic
review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement and registered prospectively in PROSPERO. A literature search for randomized controlled trials was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. We considered interventions that focused on cognitive, embodiment or breathing strategies, or a combination of these techniques. Twelve studies met our inclusion criteria, and study characteristics, quality and effect sizes were assessed. A single cognitive study was found to produce a moderate reduction in state anxiety, while moderate to large effects were found across studies assessing embodiment practices. In contrast, studies which utilized breathing-based interventions alone produced inconsistent results, with both attention towards and active control of breathing producing large to no effects depending on the technique employed. Finally, consistent moderate effects were found with combination techniques that involved passive attention (e.g., towards cognitions, body and/or breathing), with active combination techniques producing inconsistent results.
UNASSIGNED: While study numbers are limited regarding brief interventions, cognitive and embodiment techniques are consistently helpful for reducing state anxiety, while breathing-based exercises need to consider the specific technique employed, and how successful this may be for each individual. Furthermore, combined practices such as mindfulness can also be successful, although care must be taken when introducing an active change to one or more elements.
UNASSIGNED: CRD42024507585 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024507585.