在西班牙,农业的收入和残留物产生了巨大的影响。循环经济和生物经济是两种替代的可持续模式,其中包括农业食品副产品的再价值化以恢复健康的生物分子。然而,大多数作物都是常规的,暗示使用杀虫剂。因此,农业食品副产品的再利用可能涉及农药的积累。尽管废物转化为生物产品的趋势已经得到了广泛的研究,几乎没有评估副产品再增值过程中农药的潜在积累。因此,在这项研究中,根据现有的公布数据,对西班牙八种高产作物中最常见的农药进行了评估,主要来自EFSA的报告。其中,橘子,浆果和辣椒显示出农药超标的趋势。此外,考虑了农药对人类和动物健康和环境的不利影响。最后,进行了安全性评估,以了解柑橘皮回收抗坏血酸(AA)的再利用是否会对人类健康构成风险。获得的结果似乎表明该副产物恢复AA浓度以避免镰刀病(45mg/天)和改善健康(200mg/天)的安全性。因此,这项工作通过使用柑橘果皮对农业食品副产品进行再评价来评估农药暴露的潜在风险,西班牙的主要农作物之一,作为一个案例研究。
The income and residue production from agriculture has a strong impact in Spain. A circular economy and a bioeconomy are two alternative sustainable models that include the revalorization of agri-food by-products to recover healthy biomolecules. However, most crops are conventional, implying the use of pesticides. Hence, the reutilization of agri-food by-products may involve the accumulation of pesticides. Even though the waste-to-bioproducts trend has been widely studied, the potential accumulation of pesticides during by-product revalorization has been scarcely assessed. Therefore, in this study, the most common pesticides found in eight highly productive crops in Spain are evaluated according to the available published data, mainly from EFSA
reports. Among these, oranges, berries and peppers showed an increasing tendency regarding pesticide exceedances. In addition, the adverse effects of pesticides on human and animal health and the environment were considered. Finally, a safety assessment was developed to understand if the reutilization of citrus peels to recover ascorbic acid (AA) would represent a risk to human health. The results obtained seem to indicate the safety of this by-product to recover AA concentrations to avoid scurvy (45 mg/day) and improve health (200 mg/day). Therefore, this work evaluates the potential risk of pesticide exposure through the revalorization of agri-food by-products using peels from citruses, one of the major agricultural crops in Spain, as a
case study.