积雪草是一种在中国热带和亚热带地区大量生长的民族草本植物,印度,东南亚和非洲。它是一种流行的营养食品,用于各种形式的临床和美容治疗。据报道,阿育吠陀和中药广泛使用积雪草提取物来提高记忆力,预防认知缺陷和改善大脑功能。积雪草的主要生物活性成分是五环三萜苷,积雪草苷和madecassoside,和它们相应的糖苷配基,亚洲酸和马德卡西酸。积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷在《中国药典》中被确定为积雪草的标记化合物,这些三萜化合物具有广泛的药理特性。包括神经保护,心脏保护,保肝,伤口愈合,抗炎,抗氧化剂,抗过敏,抗抑郁药,抗焦虑药,抗纤维化,抗菌,抗关节炎,抗肿瘤和免疫调节活性。积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷也广泛用于治疗皮肤异常,烧伤,缺血,溃疡,哮喘,狼疮,牛皮癣和硬皮病。除了医疗应用,这些植物化合物被认为是美容有益的,因为它们在抗衰老中的作用,皮肤水合作用,胶原蛋白合成,紫外线防护和固化疤痕。本文选择性地回顾了2005年至2022年间关于这些化合物的现有报道和实验研究,以全面概述积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷的众多治疗优势及其在医学未来的潜在作用。
Centella asiatica is an ethnomedicinal herbaceous species that grows abundantly in tropical and sub-tropical regions of China, India, South-Eastern Asia and Africa. It is a popular nutraceutical that is employed in various forms of clinical and cosmetic treatments. C. asiatica extracts are reported widely in Ayurvedic and Chinese traditional medicine to boost memory, prevent cognitive deficits and improve brain functions. The major bioactive constituents of C. asiatica are the pentacyclic triterpenoid glycosides,
asiaticoside and madecassoside, and their corresponding aglycones, asiatic acid and madecassic acid.
Asiaticoside and madecassoside have been identified as the marker compounds of C. asiatica in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and these triterpene compounds offer a wide range of pharmacological properties, including neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, anti-depressant, anxiolytic, antifibrotic, antibacterial, anti-arthritic, anti-tumour and immunomodulatory activities.
Asiaticoside and madecassoside are also used extensively in treating skin abnormalities, burn injuries, ischaemia, ulcers, asthma, lupus, psoriasis and scleroderma. Besides medicinal applications, these phytocompounds are considered cosmetically beneficial for their role in anti-ageing, skin hydration, collagen synthesis, UV protection and curing scars. Existing reports and experimental studies on these compounds between 2005 and 2022 have been selectively reviewed in this article to provide a comprehensive overview of the numerous therapeutic advantages of
asiaticoside and madecassoside and their potential roles in the medical future.