背景:人工智能(AI)具有增强身体活动(PA)干预的潜力。然而,人为因素(HF)在将AI成功集成到移动健康(mHealth)解决方案中以促进PA的发展中发挥着关键作用。理解和优化个人与AI驱动的mHealth应用程序之间的交互对于实现预期结果至关重要。
目的:本研究旨在回顾和描述AI驱动的数字解决方案中用于增加PA的HF的当前证据。
方法:我们通过搜索包含与PA相关的术语的出版物进行了范围审查,HFs,和AI在3个数据库中的标题和摘要-PubMed,Embase,和IEEEXplore-和谷歌学者。如果这些研究是描述基于AI的解决方案旨在提高PA的主要研究,并报告了测试溶液的结果。不符合这些标准的研究被排除在外。此外,我们在收录的文章中检索了相关研究的参考文献。从纳入的研究中提取以下数据,并将其纳入定性综合:书目信息,研究特点,人口,干预,比较,结果,与AI相关的信息。纳入研究的证据的确定性采用GRADE(建议评估分级,发展,和评估)。
结果:2015年至2023年共发表了15项研究,涉及899名年龄在19至84岁之间的参与者。60.7%(546/899)是女性参与者,包括在这次审查中。在纳入的研究中,干预持续了2到26周。推荐系统是PA数字解决方案中最常用的AI技术(10/15研究),其次是对话代理(4/15研究)。用户可接受性和满意度是最频繁评估的HF(每个研究有5/15),其次是可用性(4/15研究)。关于个性化和推荐的自动数据收集,大多数系统涉及健身追踪器(5/15研究)。证据分析的确定性表明AI驱动的数字技术在增加PA方面的有效性具有中等的确定性(例如,步数,远距离行走,或在PA上花费的时间)。此外,人工智能驱动的技术,特别是推荐系统,似乎对PA行为的变化产生积极影响,尽管证据的确定性很低。
结论:当前的研究强调了AI驱动技术增强PA的潜力,但证据仍然有限。需要进行更长期的研究来评估人工智能驱动的技术对行为改变和习惯形成的持续影响。虽然AI驱动的PA数字解决方案具有重要的前景,进一步探索优化AI对PA的影响并有效整合AI和HF对于更广泛的利益至关重要。因此,对创新管理的影响涉及进行长期研究,优先考虑多样性,确保研究质量,专注于用户体验,并了解AI在PA推广中不断发展的作用。
BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to enhance physical activity (PA) interventions. However, human factors (HFs) play a pivotal role in the successful integration of AI into mobile health (mHealth) solutions for promoting PA. Understanding and optimizing the interaction between individuals and AI-driven mHealth apps is essential for achieving the desired outcomes.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to
review and describe the current evidence on the HFs in AI-driven digital solutions for increasing PA.
METHODS: We conducted a scoping
review by searching for publications containing terms related to PA, HFs, and AI in the titles and abstracts across 3 databases-PubMed, Embase, and IEEE Xplore-and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they were primary studies describing an AI-based solution aimed at increasing PA, and results from testing the solution were reported. Studies that did not meet these criteria were excluded. Additionally, we searched the references in the included articles for relevant research. The following data were extracted from included studies and incorporated into a qualitative synthesis: bibliographic information, study characteristics, population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and AI-related information. The certainty of the evidence in the included studies was evaluated using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation).
RESULTS: A total of 15 studies published between 2015 and 2023 involving 899 participants aged approximately between 19 and 84 years, 60.7% (546/899) of whom were female participants, were included in this
review. The interventions lasted between 2 and 26 weeks in the included studies. Recommender systems were the most commonly used AI technology in digital solutions for PA (10/15 studies), followed by conversational agents (4/15 studies). User acceptability and satisfaction were the HFs most frequently evaluated (5/15 studies each), followed by usability (4/15 studies). Regarding automated data collection for personalization and recommendation, most systems involved fitness trackers (5/15 studies). The certainty of the evidence analysis indicates moderate certainty of the effectiveness of AI-driven digital technologies in increasing PA (eg, number of steps, distance walked, or time spent on PA). Furthermore, AI-driven technology, particularly recommender systems, seems to positively influence changes in PA behavior, although with very low certainty evidence.
CONCLUSIONS: Current research highlights the potential of AI-driven technologies to enhance PA, though the evidence remains limited. Longer-term studies are necessary to assess the sustained impact of AI-driven technologies on behavior change and habit formation. While AI-driven digital solutions for PA hold significant promise, further exploration into optimizing AI\'s impact on PA and effectively integrating AI and HFs is crucial for broader benefits. Thus, the implications for innovation management involve conducting long-term studies, prioritizing diversity, ensuring research quality, focusing on user experience, and understanding the evolving role of AI in PA promotion.