非洲土生土长的六种未充分利用的药用叶类蔬菜植物的生物活性,即,巴沙拉,Crassocephalumrubens,非洲祖母,launaeataraxacifolia,Solaneciobiafrae,和大角茄子,通过两种独立的技术进行了研究。测定总酚含量(TPC),提取和分馏后应用六个微量滴定板测定。三个是体外抗氧化剂测定,即,三价铁还原抗氧化能力(FRAP),铜还原抗氧化能力(CUPRAC),和2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶酰肼(DPPH)清除,和其他酶(乙酰胆碱酯酶,丁酰胆碱酯酶,和酪氨酸酶)抑制测定。从C.rubens的极性和中等极性级分获得所有方法的最高TPC和抗氧化活性,S、Biafrae,和S.macrocarpon。最高的乙酰和丁酰胆碱酯酶抑制表现为S.biafrae的极性部分,C.鲁本斯,和L.taraxacifolia,后者与加兰他敏相当。在C.rubens的正丁醇部分和S.biafrae的乙酸乙酯部分中观察到最高的酪氨酸酶抑制。不同提取物和级分的体外测定结果与通过高效薄层色谱-多成像-效应导向分析的生物活性谱大部分一致,利用九种不同的平面分析。植物提取物的几种分离化合物显示出抗氧化剂,α-葡萄糖苷酶,α-淀粉酶,乙酰和丁酰胆碱酯酶抑制,革兰氏阳性/阴性抗菌药物,细胞毒性,和基因毒性活动。一个突出的非极性生物活性化合物区被暂时分配给脂肪酸,特别是亚麻酸,通过电喷雾电离高分辨率质谱。检测到的抗氧化剂,抗菌,抗糖尿病药,抗胆碱酯酶,细胞毒性,这些蔬菜植物的遗传毒性潜力,尤其是C.rubens,S、Biafrae,和S.macrocarpon,可能会验证他们的一些种族医学用途。
Biological activities of six under-utilized medicinal leafy vegetable plants indigenous to Africa, i.e., Basella alba, Crassocephalum rubens, Gnetum africanum, Launaea taraxacifolia, Solanecio biafrae, and Solanum macrocarpon, were investigated via two independent techniques. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined, and six microtiter plate assays were applied after extraction and fractionation. Three were antioxidant in vitro assays, i.e., ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reduction antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, and the others were enzyme (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase) inhibition assays. The highest TPC and antioxidant activity from all the methods were obtained from polar and medium polar fractions of C. rubens, S. biafrae, and S. macrocarpon. The highest acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition was exhibited by polar fractions of S. biafrae, C. rubens, and L. taraxacifolia, the latter comparable to galantamine. The highest tyrosinase inhibition was observed in the n-butanol fraction of C. rubens and ethyl acetate fraction of S. biafrae. In vitro assay results of the different extracts and fractions were mostly in agreement with the bioactivity profiling via high-performance thin-layer chromatography-multi-imaging-effect-directed analysis, exploiting nine different planar assays. Several separated compounds of the plant extracts showed antioxidant, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase-inhibiting, Gram-positive/-negative antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and genotoxic activities. A prominent apolar bioactive compound zone was tentatively assigned to fatty acids, in particular linolenic acid, via electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. The detected antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic,
anticholinesterase, cytotoxic, and genotoxic potentials of these vegetable plants, in particular C. rubens, S. biafrae, and S. macrocarpon, may validate some of their ethnomedicinal uses.