目的:这项研究的目的是比较两种麻醉方案在接受非卧床腺样体切除术的儿童的拔管时间和术后恢复方面的差异。
方法:采用倾向评分匹配的回顾性队列研究。
方法:检索452例3至8岁儿童行卧床腺样体切除术的病历进行分析,其中438人符合参加本研究的资格.大多数(n=327)是暴露于常规异丙酚明显的全身麻醉方案的儿童(高剂量异丙酚加低剂量瑞芬太尼,标记为P组),而n=111则采用改良的瑞芬太尼麻醉方案(低剂量异丙酚加高剂量瑞芬太尼,即R组)。采用倾向得分匹配来调整混杂因素,导致每组69名匹配患者。这项研究的主要终点是拔管时间。次要终点是术中总液体量,在麻醉后监护室(PACU)的住院时间,术后疼痛评分,出现躁动的发生率,恶心和呕吐,以及从PACU转移出来时的意识水平(完全清醒或通过轻拍唤醒),和任何主要并发症(伤口出血,再插管,重新接纳,过夜)。
结果:两组均未发现重大并发症。与P组相比,R组拔管时间明显缩短(8.2±1.4分钟vs13.3±2.4分钟,P<.001),在PACU中的停留时间较短(14.1±3.1分钟vs20.2±3.4分钟,P<.001),当转移出PACU时,完全清醒的病例比例更高(91%对46%,P<.001)。最后,疼痛等级,口咽气道使用频率,出现躁动的发生率,两组间恶心、呕吐比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。
结论:在接受非卧床腺样体切除术的儿童中,瑞芬太尼麻醉优于丙泊酚麻醉,考虑到前者与更快的麻醉恢复时间相关,而不会危及患者安全。
OBJECTIVE: This aim of this
study was to compare two anesthetic regimens in terms of extubation time and postoperative recovery in children undergoing ambulatory adenoidectomy.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort
study with propensity score matching.
METHODS: The medical charts of 452 children aged between 3 and 8 years undergoing ambulatory adenoidectomy were retrieved for analysis, of which 438 were eligible to participate in this
study. A majority (n = 327) were children exposed to a conventional propofol-pronounced general anesthetic regimen (high-dose propofol plus low-dose remifentanil, labeled as group P), while n = 111 were administered a modified remifentanil-pronounced anesthetic regimen (low-dose propofol plus high-dose remifentanil, namely group R). Propensity score matching was employed to adjust for confounders, resulting in 69 matched patients in each group. The primary endpoint of this
study was extubation time. The secondary endpoints were total intraoperative fluid volume, length of stay in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), postoperative pain rating, the incidence of emergence agitation, nausea and vomiting, as well as the level of consciousness (fully awake or waking by gentle patting) when transferred out of PACU, and any major complications (wound bleeding, reintubation, readmission, and overnight stay).
RESULTS: No major complications were observed in both groups. Compared to group P, group R had significantly shorter extubation time (8.2 ± 1.4 minutes vs 13.3 ± 2.4 minutes, P < .001), shorter length of stay in the PACU (14.1 ± 3.1 minutes vs 20.2 ± 3.4 minutes, P < .001), and a higher proportion of cases being fully awake when transferred out of the PACU (91% vs 46%, P < .001). Lastly, the pain rating, frequency of oropharyngeal airway usage, incidence of emergence agitation, and nausea and vomiting were comparable between the two groups (P > .05 for all).
CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil-pronounced anesthesia was superior to propofol-pronounced anesthesia in children undergoing ambulatory adenoidectomy, given that the former was associated with a faster recovery time from anesthesia without jeopardizing patient safety.