纤维素气凝胶是可持续的,可生物降解,和具有高比表面积的三维网络的超轻多孔材料。根据前体材料的来源,它们被归类为基于植物的气凝胶,细菌纤维素气凝胶。不同类型的气凝胶也由微晶纤维素(MCC)生产,纳米晶纤维素(NCC),纤维素微纤丝(CMF)和纤维素纳米纤丝(CNF)。此外,将无机和有机物质嵌入以产生杂化气凝胶或复合气凝胶,以增强其在各个领域的性能。混合,凝胶化,溶剂交换,和干燥(例如,超临界二氧化碳或冷冻干燥)是纤维素气凝胶合成中涉及的基本步骤。根据气凝胶合成过程中前体的组成,纤维素气凝胶在各种领域有广泛的应用,如吸附剂,电极,传感器,捕获去离子材料,催化剂,药物输送,隔热和隔音材料。这篇评论提供了以下方面的综合信息:(i)根据原材料来源对纤维素气凝胶进行分类,(ii)生产纤维素气凝胶所涉及的工艺,(iii)由MCC合成的纤维素气凝胶,NCC,CMF和CNF,(iv)纳米颗粒掺杂的纤维素气凝胶,(五)其在各个领域的应用以及未来的前景。
Cellulosic aerogels are sustainable, biodegradable, and ultra-light porous materials with three-dimensional networks having high specific surface area. Depending on the source of precursor materials, they are categorized into plant-based
aerogel, bacterial cellulosic
aerogel. Different types of aerogels are also produced from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), cellulose microfibril (CMF) and cellulose nanofibril (CNF). Furthermore, inorganic and organic substances are embedded to produce hybrid
aerogel or composite
aerogel for the enhancement of its performance in various fields. Mixing, gelation, solvent exchange, and drying (e.g., super critical carbon dioxide or freeze drying) are the basic steps involved in cellulosic aerogel synthesis. Based on the composition of precursors during aerogel synthesis, cellulosic aerogels have broad applications in various fields such as adsorbents, electrodes, sensors, captive deionization materials, catalysts, drug delivery, thermal and sound insulating materials. This
review provided consolidated information on: (i) classification of cellulosic aerogels based on the sources of raw materials, (ii) processes involved to produce the cellulosic aerogel, (iii) cellulosic
aerogel synthesized from MCC, NCC, CMF and CNF, (iv) nano particle doped cellulosic
aerogel, and (v) its application in various field with future perspectives.