The zygoma is located in the medial and lateral parts of the face, supporting the midfacial contour. The forward projection of the zygoma and the zygomatic arch often expose them to injury. Fractures of the zygoma can lead to the displacement of the zygoma and the zygomatic arch, causing facial collapse deformity. For delayed zygomatic fractures, the loss of normal anatomical landmarks caused by the malunion of the fracture lines and remodelling of the bony contour makes it difficult to determine the correct positions of the zygomatic bones. In such cases, ideal and steady outcomes with satisfactory midface symmetry have been difficult to obtain using traditional surgical methods. Nowadays, the application of digital surgical software and surgical navigation helps surgeons to perform accurate preoperative simulations to obtain ideal three-dimensional virtual surgical plans and achieve accurate reduction by intraoperative navigation systems, which increase the accuracy and predictability of fracture reduction outcomes. Experts from the Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chinese Stomatological Association have fully discussed and formulated an expert consensus on navigation-guided unilateral delayed zygomatic fracture reconstruction techniques to standardise the clinical operation procedures and promote the application.

The zygoma is located in the medial and lateral parts of the face, supporting the midfacial contour. The forward projection of the zygoma and the zygomatic arch expose them to frequent injury. Fractures of the zygoma can lead to displacement of the zygoma and the zygomatic arch, causing facial collapse deformity. For delayed zygomatic fractures, the loss of normal anatomical landmarks, caused by the malunion of the fracture lines and remodeling of the bony contour, makes it difficult to determine the correct positions of the zygomatic bones. In such cases, using traditional surgical methods, ideal and steady outcomes with satisfactory midface symmetry have been difficult to obtain. Nowadays, the application of digital surgical software and surgical navigation help surgeons to perform accurate preoperative simulations to obtain ideal 3-dimensional (3D) virtual surgical plans, and achieve accurate reduction by intraoperative navigation systems, which increase the accuracy and predictability of fracture reduction outcomes. Experts from the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Committee of the Chinese Stomatological Association have fully discussed and formulated an expert consensus on navigation-guided unilateral delayed zygomatic fracture reconstruction techniques, to standardize the clinical operation procedures and promote the application.
颧骨位于面中外侧部，支撑面中部轮廓，位置突出，易受外伤形成骨折。颧骨骨折发生移位后可造成面部塌陷畸形。当颧骨颧弓骨折治疗不及时成为陈旧性骨折时，由于骨质改建、错位愈合，手术复位时缺少可参照的断面解剖标记，术后很难取得良好的面中部轮廓的三维对称效果，传统手术方法治疗效果不稳定。随着数字外科技术的应用，在手术导航的辅助下，可以在术前实现面部头颅的三维重建，虚拟设计规划，通过导航引导手术使手术方案得以精准实施，从而达到精确、可控的骨折复位效果。中华口腔医学会口腔颌面外科专业委员会组织专家经过充分讨论，制定了导航引导单侧陈旧性颧骨骨折整复术技术流程及操作的专家共识，以规范该技术的临床操作流程，促进其推广应用。.

OBJECTIVE: To determine current professional advice to patients about refraining from nose blowing and air travel following treatment of zygomatic fractures.
METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to 261 consultant oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS) in the UK. They were asked about advice given to patients regarding length of time to refrain from nose blowing and air travel following treatment of zygomatic fractures.
RESULTS: A total of 184 (71%) replies were received. Advice regarding the length of time to refrain from nose blowing and air travel ranged from no advice to 8 weeks. About 90% of respondents based their advice on common sense and traditional practice.
CONCLUSIONS: Advice given to the patients following the treatment of zygomatic fractures varies widely. Most consultants based their advice on traditional practice and common sense. In the absence of widely accepted guidelines, there is a need for an agreement among clinicians on advice given to the patients.

Local and combined facial fractures are usually correctly diagnosed by conventional plain films in conjunction with the clinical picture. If the image quality is reduced due to soft tissue swelling of problems in positioning a multiply injured patient, conventional tomography or computed tomography (CT) are indicated. The advantages of CT are the detailed imaging of soft tissue and bone structures; in patients with skull trauma, CT of the facial bones can be combined with cranial computed tomography without re-positioning the patient. CT proved to be the most accurate method for the evaluation of blow-out-fractures of the orbit. The radiation dose is less and the investigation time is shorter compared to conventional tomography in the demonstration of facial fractures. Conventional tomography is indicated when artefacts caused by dental fillings reduce the image quality of CT.

Middle face fractures are classified as follows: fractures of the nose, maxillary fractures (vertical and transverse, Le Fort I-III), lateral middle face fractures, isolated orbital floor fractures (blow out fractures), isolated zygoma fractures and combined multiple fractures. Rhinosurgical indications are discussed with emphasis on osteosynthesis using wire and miniplates.