人畜共患病是从动物传播给人类的疾病,对全世界人民的健康和生命构成了极大的威胁。根据世卫组织的估计,2010年有6亿例由污染食品引起的疾病,其中包括近3.5亿例由致病菌引起的疾病。弯曲杆菌,沙门氏菌,以及小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌可能居住在牲畜中(家禽,牛,和猪),但也在野生动物中发现,宠物,鱼,和啮齿动物。动物,通常是病原体的无症状携带者,用粪便排泄它们,从而将它们传递到环境中。因此,病原体可能侵入新的个体,以及居住在蔬菜和水果上。致病菌也穿透食品生产区域,并可能以覆盖机器和设备表面的生物膜形式保留在那里。食品中常见的微生物,以及他们的不当或粗心的处理,导致常见的中毒。食源性感染的症状可能轻微,有时像流感一样,但它们也可能伴有严重的并发症,有些甚至是致命的。本文的目的是总结和提供有关弯曲杆菌病的信息,沙门氏菌病,耶尔森氏菌病,李斯特菌病和这些疾病的病因,连同病原体的一般特征,毒力因子,和水库。
Zoonoses are diseases transmitted from animals to humans, posing a great threat to the health and life of people all over the world. According to WHO estimations, 600 million cases of diseases caused by contaminated food were noted in 2010, including almost 350 million caused by pathogenic bacteria. Campylobacter, Salmonella, as well as Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes may dwell in livestock (poultry, cattle, and swine) but are also found in wild animals, pets, fish, and rodents. Animals, often being asymptomatic carriers of pathogens, excrete them with faeces, thus delivering them to the environment. Therefore, pathogens may invade new individuals, as well as reside on vegetables and fruits. Pathogenic bacteria also penetrate food production areas and may remain there in the form of a biofilm covering the surfaces of machines and equipment. A common occurrence of microbes in food products, as well as their improper or careless processing, leads to common poisonings. Symptoms of foodborne infections may be mild, sometimes flu-like, but they also may be accompanied by severe complications, some even fatal. The aim of the paper is to summarize and provide information on campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, yersiniosis, and listeriosis and the aetiological factors of those diseases, along with the general characteristics of pathogens, virulence factors, and reservoirs.