作为病毒体形态发生的重要结构蛋白,新城疫病毒(NDV)的基质(M)蛋白被证明是一种核质运输蛋白,在病毒的组装和出芽中起着至关重要的作用。近年来,越来越多的证据表明M蛋白对NDV的致病型有明显的影响,M蛋白与细胞蛋白的相互作用也与NDV的复制和致病性密切相关。尽管在过去的40年中在了解NDVM蛋白的结构和功能方面取得了实质性进展,可用的信息是分散的。因此,本文对其结构特征的研究进展进行了总结和更新,毒力和致病型相关性,NDVM蛋白的核质转运机制,以及M蛋白和细胞蛋白相互作用在M的细胞内定位中的功能,病毒RNA合成和转录,病毒蛋白合成,病毒免疫逃避,病毒的出芽和释放,深入了解M蛋白在NDV复制和发病机制中的生物学功能,也有助于开发有效的抗病毒策略,旨在阻断NDV生命周期的早期或晚期步骤。
As an important structural protein in virion morphogenesis, the matrix (M) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is demonstrated to be a nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking protein and plays essential roles in viral assembly and budding. In recent years, increasing lines of evidence have indicated that the M protein has obvious influence on the pathotypes of NDV, and the interaction of M protein with cellular proteins is also closely associated with the replication and pathogenicity of NDV. Although substantial progress has been made in the past 40 years towards understanding the structure and function of NDV M protein, the available information is scattered. Therefore, this
review article summarizes and updates the research progress on the structural feature, virulence and pathotype correlation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport mechanism of NDV M protein, as well as the functions of M protein and cellular protein interactions in M\'s intracellular localization, viral RNA synthesis and transcription, viral protein synthesis, viral immune evasion, and viral budding and release, which will provide an in-depth understanding of the biological functions of M protein in the replication and pathogenesis of NDV, and also contribute to the development of effective antiviral strategies aiming at blocking the early or late steps of NDV lifecycles.