ATP结合盒亚家族A成员1(ABCA1)蛋白在各种事件中起着至关重要的作用,如胆固醇和磷脂流出,新生高密度脂蛋白(HDL)生物合成,磷脂易位。因此,已经有许多研究活动旨在了解调节ABCA1表达的分子机制。在这次审查中,我们首先讨论ABCA1结构,组织分布,细胞定位,和贩运,以及它的功能。此外,总结了目前对ABCA1表达调控的分子机制的理解。ABCA1转录调控是由一个非常复杂的系统介导的,包括核受体系统,与ABCA1启动子中其他位点结合的因子,细胞因子,荷尔蒙,生长因子,脂质代谢物,酶,和其他信使/因素/途径。此外,ABCA1转录后调控是由microRNA介导的,长链非编码RNA,RNA结合蛋白,蛋白酶,脂肪酸,PDZ蛋白,信号蛋白,和其他因素。与已建立的ABCA1的转录调控相比,ABCA1表达的转录后调控知之甚少。
ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) protein plays an essential role in a variety of events, such as cholesterol and phospholipid efflux, nascent high-density lipoprotein (HDL) biosynthesis, phospholipid translocation. Thus, there has been much research activity aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms of regulating ABCA1 expression. In this
review, we first discuss ABCA1 structure, tissue distribution, cellular localization, and trafficking, as well as its function. Furthermore, current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of ABCA1 expression is summarized. ABCA1 transcriptional regulation is mediated by a very complicated system, including nuclear receptor systems, factors binding to other sites in the ABCA1 promoter, cytokines, hormones, growth factors, lipid metabolites, enzymes, and other messengers/factors/pathways. In addition, ABCA1 posttranscriptional regulation is mediated by microRNA, long noncoding RNA, RNA-binding proteins, proteases, fatty acids, PDZ proteins, signaling proteins, and other factors. Compared to the transcriptional regulation of ABCA1, which is well established, the post-transcriptional regulation of ABCA1 expression is poorly understood.