背景:山豆根(STR),山豆根的干燥根和根茎。,通常用于治疗扁桃体炎和咽炎,喉咙疼痛和喉咙阻塞,牙龈肿胀和疼痛,等。在中国或其他亚洲国家。STR通常用作中药制剂中的核心草药,如“鼻咽灵片”,“复方无印良品颗粒”和“肝延灵注射液”,等。综述目的:本综述旨在从植物学角度对STR进行全面分析,传统使用,植物化学,民族药理学,药理学,药代动力学,毒理学和解毒策略,为今后的研究提供合理的应用。
方法:研究涉及的信息来自各种电子资源,包括中国国家知识基础设施(CNKI),SciFinder,谷歌学者,PubMed,WebofScience,和中国硕士和博士学位论文。
结果:到现在为止,STR中总共鉴定出333种化学成分,包括85种生物碱,124类黄酮,24个三萜,27三萜皂苷,34有机酸,8多糖,等。STR及其主要活性成分具有心血管保护作用,抗肿瘤活性,抗炎活性,解热活性,镇痛活性,抗菌活性,抗真菌活性,抗病毒活性,和肝保护活性,等。然而,STR对肝脏的毒性作用,神经,心,和胃肠道也被观察到。为了减轻这些风险,STR在使用前需要衰减,最常见的解毒方法是加工和与其他药物联合使用。对STR在体内的药代动力学以及含有STR的传统和临床处方进行了梳理。尽管STR具有潜在的治疗益处,进一步的研究是必要的,以阐明其肝脏毒性,特别是在体内,探索体内代谢等方面,分布,和机制。
结论:这篇综述强调了STR的治疗潜力,并强调了在考虑临床应用之前解决其毒性问题的迫切需要。需要进一步研究以全面调查STR的毒理学特性,特别强调它的肝毒性和神经毒性。这样的研究努力有可能标准化STR的合理应用以获得最佳治疗结果。
BACKGROUND: Sophorae tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma (STR), the dried root and rhizome of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep., is commonly used in the treatment of tonsillitis and pharyngitis, throat soreness and throat obstruction, swelling and aching of gum, etc. in China or other Asian countries. STR is usually used as the core herb in traditional Chinese medicine preparations, such as \"Biyanling Tablets\", \"Fufang Muji Granules\" and \"Ganyanling Injections\", etc. AIM OF THE
REVIEW: This
review aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of STR in terms of botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics,
toxicology and detoxification strategy, to provide a rational application in future research.
METHODS: The information involved in the study was gathered from a variety of electronic resources, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SciFinder, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Chinese Masters and Doctoral Dissertations.
RESULTS: Till now, a total of 333 chemical components have been identified in STR, including 85 alkaloids, 124 flavonoids, 24 triterpenes, 27 triterpene saponins, 34 organic acids, 8 polysaccharides, etc. STR and its main active constituents have cardiovascular protection, anti-tumor activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antipyretic activity, analgesic activity, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, antiviral activity, and hepatoprotective activity, etc. However, toxic effects of STR on the liver, nerves, heart, and gastrointestinal tract have also been observed. To mitigate these risks, STR needs attenuation before use, with the most common detoxification methods being processing and combined use with other drugs. The pharmacokinetics of STR in vivo and traditional and clinical prescriptions containing STR have been sorted out. Despite the potential therapeutic benefits of STR, further research is warranted to elucidate its hepatotoxicity, particularly in vivo, exploring aspects such as in vivo metabolism, distribution, and mechanisms.
CONCLUSIONS: This
review serves to emphasize the therapeutic potential of STR and highlights the crucial need to address its toxicity concerns before considering clinical application. Further research is required to comprehensively investigate the toxicological properties of STR, with particular emphasis on its hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Such research endeavors have the potential to standardize the rational application of STR for optimal therapeutic outcomes.