青藏高原(TP)被称为亚洲的水塔,冰川是可以调节水量的固体水库。黑碳(BC),作为加速冰川融化的重要因素之一,在冰雪中造成明显的环境影响。然而,对潜在来源的系统总结,分析方法,分布,冰雪中BC对TP冰川的环境影响很少。因此,这项研究利用了对TP冰川上冰雪BC的现有研究来描述与之相关的检测方法和不确定性,以阐明冰雪中BC的浓度及其气候效应。主要的检测方法是光学方法,热光方法,热化学方法,和单颗粒烟灰光度计法。然而,很少有研究系统地比较了BC的结果,这项研究发现,BC在不同类型的冰雪中的浓度相差1-3个数量级,通过可能将冰川的消融加速约15%并将积雪的持续时间减少3-4天,从而极大地影响了区域水文过程。总的来说,从各种测试方法获得的结果大不相同,这限制了系统的讨论。因此,在今后的工作中应考虑抽样和测量的通用标准,这将有利于促进时空特征的比较,并为BC的模型模拟气候效应提供科学数据。
Tibetan Plateau (TP) is known as the water tower of Asia, and glaciers are solid reservoirs that can regulate the amount of water. Black carbon (BC), as one of the important factors accelerating glacier melting, is causing evident environmental effects in snow and ice. However, a systematical summary of the potential sources, analytical methods, distributions, and environmental effects of BC in snow and ice on the TP\'s glaciers is scarce. Therefore, this study drew upon existing research on snow and ice BC on glaciers of the TP to describe the detection methods and uncertainties associated with them to clarify the concentrations of BC in snow and ice and their climatic effects. The primary detection methods are the optical method, the thermal-optical method, the thermochemical method, and the single-particle soot photometer method. However, few studies have systematically compared the results of BC and this study found that concentrations of BC in different types of snow and ice varied by 1-3 orders of magnitude, which drastically affected the regional hydrologic process by potentially accelerating the ablation of glaciers by approximately 15% and reducing the duration of snow accumulation by 3-4 days. In general, results obtained from the various testing methods differ drastically, which limited the systematical discussion. Accordingly, a universal standard for the sampling and measurement should be considered in the future work, which will be beneficial to facilitate the comparison of the spatiotemporal features and to provide scientific data for the model-simulated climatic effects of BC.