Autotransplantation is a successful technique to replace compromised teeth. This study presents a computer-guided surgical approach for preparing the receiving socket for a mature mandibular third molar donor tooth with a wait-and-see approach instead of prophylactic endodontic treatment. A 42-year-old woman developed root resorption of tooth 3.7. Extraction of 3.7 and autotransplantation of 3.8 was planned, following a 6-week orthodontic phase for periodontal ligament activation and teeth mobilization. Due to the different root morphology between the compromised and donor teeth and the high mandibular bone density, the receiving socket preparation was performed using guided surgery templates. Two surgical splints were designed with a surgical planning software. Tooth 3.7 was extracted, the recipient site was guided-milled, and tooth 3.8 was transplanted into the new socket in approximately one second of extra-alveolar time. The rapidity of the extra-alveolar time facilitated complete healing without resorting to root canal treatment. Five-year radiological control does not show any periapical lesion or root resorption. The surgical procedure for tooth autotransplantation is fundamental: it must be as atraumatic as possible to preserve the periodontal ligament of the tooth and the receiving socket, and the dentist must minimize the extra-alveolar time. Guided surgery is a reliable solution to combine all these aspects.

UNASSIGNED: The association between Dentigerous cysts (DCs) and Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS) was claimed theoretically in a very few reports, with very few clinical foundations. The aim of this report was to present a unique case of multiple DCs in the mandible in a patient showing features of GGS.
METHODS: A 63-year-old male patient presented with multiple cyst-like lesions in the mandible associated with some clinical and radiological features of GGS, and that raised the suspension of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC). The patient underwent marsupialization and enucleation of these cysts, and the histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of DCs.
UNASSIGNED: In this report, the patient presented with symptoms related to multiple unilocular radiolucent lesions found in the mandible and the clinical and radiological features were highly suggestive of OKCs associated with GGS. However, the perioperative findings raised the suspicion of DCs, which was confirmed by histopathology. Interestingly, GGS is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder arising from mutations in the patched tumor suppressor gene (PTCH). Previous studies showed this gene alteration in DCs; this can possibly be implicated in the pathogenesis of the association found in this report.
CONCLUSIONS: This report presented a case of bilateral DC in the mandible in a patient showing features of GGS. Therefore, this report verified the very rare association between DC and GGS. This may help dentists and physicians in reaching an accurate and early diagnosis of GGS.

This article reports the treatment of 2 cases of mandibular third molar displacement into deep fascial spaces during attempted extraction, 1 of which resulted in acute infection. In addition to treatment approaches, the article reviews the risk factors for tooth displacement and techniques that may be used for its prevention. In both of the reported cases, after tooth extraction procedures resulted in the displacement of a third molar, the correct location of the tooth was ascertained by 3-dimensional imaging. The displaced tooth was removed via intraoral access while the patient wasunder general anesthesia. Both patients healed without postsurgical complications, confirming the success of the treatment.

Even while certain forms of mandibular impactions (such as inverted molars) might be considered unusual findings, mandibular impacted teeth are really one of the most regularly seen dental abnormalities. Two female patients\' mandibular third molars were discovered to be inverted during a regular inspection, and two such examples are reported here in this article. Both patients underwent routine radiographic examination. Cone beam computed tomography and orthopantomogram were requested to evaluate the state of the bone and to check for any abnormalities, and inverted impacted teeth were discovered. A tooth is said to be inversed when it is placed reversed and seated upside down. Ascending ramus is the most common site for third molars in the mandible. It is also possible for a maxillary tooth to get impacted and for the tooth to be pushed all the way to the orbit\'s floor, though mandibular impacted teeth are more common. Only a few cases of inverted and impacted mandibular third molars have been reported in the literature. No definitive treatment protocols exist for the removal of inverted teeth. The safest protocol is conservative treatment in which the teeth are not extracted until they produce pathological signs.

The current study aimed to explore the types and frequencies of uncommon complications associated with third molar extractions based on a scoping review of case reports and case series. The study used an electronic literature search based on PubMed and Embase up to March 31, 2020, with an update performed on October 22, 2021. Any case reports and case series that reported complications associated with third molar extractions were included. The types of complications were grouped and the main symptoms of each type of complication were summarized. A total of 51 types of uncommon complications were identified in 248 patients from 186 studies. Most types of complications were post-operative. In the craniofacial and cervical regions, the most frequent complications included iatrogenic displacement of the molars or root fragments in the craniofacial area, late mandibular fracture, and subcutaneous emphysema. In other regions, the most frequent complications include pneumomediastinum, pneumorrhachis, pneumothorax, and pneumopericardium. Of the patients, 37 patients had life-threatening uncommon complications and 20 patients had long-term/irreversible uncommon complications associated with third molar extractions. In conclusion, a variety of uncommon complications associated with third molar extractions were identified. Most complications occurred in the craniofacial and cervical regions and were mild and transient.

Pericoronitis is a common disease that impacts the quality of life of individuals during the eruption of the third molars. Among the main clinical signs and symptoms reported were the presence of gingival operculum, pain, difficulty swallowing, and trismus with functional impairment. The present study shows a case report of pericoronitis treated with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), using a new oral formulation (INPI BR 1020170253902) of methylene blue. A female patient, 27 years old, presenting initial pericoronitis, had her pain, mouth opening, and swelling evaluated. She was submitted to a protocol of irrigation with sterile saline and photodynamic therapy using the new MB at 0.005% concentration and irradiation with low-intensity laser λ = 660 nm, 9 J per point, and radiant exposure of 318 J/cm2. The variables were evaluated on 4th day after aPDT. There was a 100% improvement in pain and an increase of 1,3 cm in mouth opening. There was no difference in the edema before and after aPDT using the new MB formula. Although the results are based on a single case report, suggest the hypothesis that aPDT using the new MB formula is an efficient therapy in the treatment of pain and trismus caused by the early stage of pericoronitis. Well-conducted randomized clinical trials are needed to compare this new formulation with conventional aPDT for further generalization of results.

Ectopic tooth in maxillary sinus is a rare entity. There are many causes of this condition include developmental disturbance, pathological process, iatrogenic, and in some cases there is no identified cause. The ectopic tooth could be asymptomatic or presented with various symptoms depends on its location. A 19-years-old woman presented with left-sided facial pain and slight swelling at the site of the upper 3rd molar tooth for three months. She gave a history of mid-facial trauma with an operation in this area, 11 years ago. Orthopantography and computerized tomography confirm the diagnosis of ectopic tooth within the maxillary sinus. The tooth was removed by Caldwell-Luc procedure. The patient was remained free of the presenting symptoms at three months follow-up. Reporting any case of an ectopic tooth deserves the ability to know the various aspects of this condition. We reported a further case of ectopic 3rd molar tooth in the left maxillary sinus, most probably, due to previous mid-facial trauma or the surgery in this area.

Defining the prognosis and treatment plan for teeth in the line of a mandibular fracture is a challenge for the maxillofacial surgeon. The periodontal ligament may provide a communication with the oral cavity and become a pathway for infection. There is currently no consensus on the management of teeth in mandibular fracture lines. This report outlines a case where a tooth was successfully retained in the line of fracture as well as providing a review of the literature on the best-accepted treatments for this scenario.

The role of bacterial infections as potential triggers for chronic rheumatic diseases is well-documented. Oral infections such as periodontitis may play a particularly important role in the development of autoimmune diseases, with the oral cavity serving as a reservoir for pathogenic bacteria. These bacteria may trigger dysregulatory immune responses through mechanisms like molecular mimicry, whereby bacterial peptides resemble self-peptides. Genetic factors may also predispose individuals to specific autoimmune diseases, most notably human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) in the case of ankylosing spondylitis as well as other rheumatic diseases. We present a case of a 23-year-old woman with reactive arthritis resulting from a postoperative infection. The patient presented with bilateral shoulder pain, decreased range of motion, worsening lower back pain, and mandibular pain at the site of a recent third molar extraction. Though initially diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, the patient experienced rapid and dramatic improvements following surgical treatment of the unresolved infection, demonstrating a causative or temporally related association between oral infections and chronic systemic autoimmune disease. This case provides useful evidence regarding causal mechanisms for the connections between chronic autoimmune diseases and oral bacterial infection, illustrating how oral infection may serve as a causative factor for reactive arthritis. We suggest that this implicates bacteria normally present in oral microflora as a potential source of the antigens involved in triggering systemic inflammation, especially those already associated with other autoimmune diseases, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae in the case of ankylosing spondylitis. Based on prior publications linking self-peptides with homologies in such bacteria, we speculate on mechanisms underlying this connection, with particular attention to molecular mimicry. Clinicians should be aware of the close connection between certain rheumatic diseases (such as reactive arthritis) and bacterial infection, particularly of the oral cavity; such awareness should inform strategies for treatment and prevention of arthritic disease.

Included third molars in elderly patients are quite rare in dental practice, and therefore easily misdiagnosed, because these teeth are usually extracted in youth. Additional challenges to correctly diagnosing such a dental condition, and its associated complications, arise from frequent co-morbidities in elderly patients, and from difficult communication with the patient. We report a case of an 88-year-old female patient, who presented in the dental emergency room complaining of a discomfort caused by the sharp edges of her lower incisors, and requesting their extraction; the final diagnosis, of suppurated pericoronitis at tooth 48, was concluded based on the clinical elements and X-ray examination.