背景:气味和味觉功能障碍很常见,已被报道为COVID-19的早期指标。COVID-19儿童嗅觉和味觉功能障碍的患病率在不同研究中差异很大,这还有待定量总结。这篇综述旨在研究COVID-19儿童嗅觉或味觉功能障碍的汇总患病率,总结当前估计值不一致的可能原因。方法:对2021年1月12日之前发表的文献进行系统的数据库搜索。使用R软件进行统计分析,合并患病率采用随机效应模型进行合并.Loney标准用于质量评估。结果:共纳入18项符合条件的研究。结果显示,COVID-19患儿嗅觉功能障碍的合并患病率为15.97%(95%CI:8.18-23.77%),COVID-19患儿味觉功能障碍的合并患病率为9.20%(95%CI:4.25-14.16%),COVID-19患儿嗅觉或味觉功能障碍的合并患病率为15.50%(95%CI:10.30~20.70%),COVID-19患儿嗅觉和味觉功能障碍的合并患病率为20.21%(95%CI:14.14~26.28%).较高的嗅觉或味觉功能障碍率与女性有关,年龄较小,样本量较小,亚洲患者,并伴有合并症。结论:有证据表明,气味或味觉障碍在COVID-19儿童中很常见。需要进一步的研究来确定预防和治疗COVID-19儿童嗅觉和味觉功能障碍的有效策略。
Background: Smell and taste dysfunctions are common and have been reported as an early indicator of COVID-19. The prevalence of smell and taste dysfunctions among children with COVID-19 varies greatly across studies, which remains to be summarized quantitatively. This
review aimed at examining the pooled prevalence of smell or taste dysfunctions among children with COVID-19, summarizing possible causes of the inconsistencies in the current estimates. Methods: Systematic searches of databases were conducted for literature published until 12 January 2021. Statistical analyses were performed using R software, the pooled prevalence was combined using random effects model. The Loney criteria were used for quality assessment. Results: A total of 18 eligible studies were included. The results showed that the pooled prevalence of smell dysfunction among children with COVID-19 was 15.97% (95% CI: 8.18-23.77%), the pooled prevalence of taste dysfunction among children with COVID-19 was 9.20% (95% CI: 4.25-14.16%), the pooled prevalence of smell or taste dysfunction among children with COVID-19 was 15.50% (95% CI: 10.30-20.70%) and the pooled prevalence of smell and taste dysfunction among children with COVID-19 was 20.21% (95% CI: 14.14-26.28%). Higher smell or taste dysfunction rates were associated with being female, younger age, smaller sample size, patients in Asia, and with comorbidities. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that smell or taste dysfunctions were common among children with COVID-19. Further research is needed to identify effective strategies for preventing and treating smell and taste dysfunctions among children with COVID-19.