Biliary taeniasis is uncommon in clinical practice. We report two cases in our hospital. The first patient was diagnosed with acute biliary pancreatitis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed a white, flat, segmented 1-cm-wide tapeworm drilling into the duodenal papilla that was identified as Taenia saginata. After tapeworm removal, bile duct sweeping, and anthelmintic therapy, the patient recovered uneventfully. The second patient was diagnosed with acute cholangitis and multiple stones in the common bile duct and gallbladder. Emergency ERCP showed no tapeworm in the duodenum. During a subsequent ERCP 6 days later, a flat tapeworm, also T. saginata, was identified drilling into the duodenal papilla. We review five patients cases with acute acalculous cholecystitis or cholangitis caused by T. saginata or Taenia solium, and 1 patient with T. saginata drilling into the T-tube. Taeniasis should be taken into consideration when dealing with biliary and pancreatic disease.

BACKGROUND: Taeniasis, is a worldwide foodborne zoonotic disease caused by two principal species; Taenia saginata and Taenia solium. The tapeworm infects the intestine causing taeniasis in humans. Taeniasis is a very rare parasitic infection in Palestine with very few annual cases of unknown species. The infection rate and the disease status are not clear due to the lack of reports about the actual number of patients.
METHODS: Two Palestinian patients; one male of 22 years old from Hebron and the other is female of 33 years old from Ramallah were referred to Palestinian Health Services in the West Bank, Palestine, complained of weight loss, abdominal pain and presence of motile segments of creamy color in the their stool. Microscopic analysis of the stool samples from infected cases revealed Taenia eggs and proglottids, confirmed taeniasis infection. The parasite species was identified as T. saginata by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase -1 (COX-1) gene.
CONCLUSIONS: Taeniasis is an unusual parasitic infection in Palestine, there is a growing concern that the actual numbers of infected individuals are much higher and the occurrence of human taeniasis is principally due to people\'s eating habits in consumption of raw or undercooked beef meat. This report highlighted for the first time the existence of taeniasis infection in the country; which necessitates the need to conduct further research and surveillance to reveal the actual infection rate and the available Taenia species.

UNASSIGNED: Taenia saginata (T. saginata) is one of the most common cestodes in humans. Isolated perforation of the small bowel after blunt abdominal trauma is infrequent and the diagnosis should be based on exclusion.
METHODS: We report a case of a 34-year-old man who presented following a car-pedestrian accident. Clinical examinations and symptoms suggested an acute abdomen. Investigations led to the diagnosis of hollow viscus perforation, so emergency laparotomy was performed. At the exploration of peritoneal cavity, unexpectedly, a live tapeworm was found in the peritoneal cavity. The perforation was repaired and medication were continued by anthelmintic. He was discharged with good condition.
UNASSIGNED: We discuss this rare incidental finding in a patient with bowel perforation and suggest the taeniasis as a possible cause of intestinal perforation. The medical literature and reviews have been searched to find more information about taeniasis and its cause-effect in GI tract complications.
CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the public knowledge about food hygiene and encouraging eat well-cooked meat can control the cycle of transmission of cestodes. Taeniasis should be considered a possible cause of intestinal obstruction or perforation, especially in endemic areas.

Taeniasis and cysticercosis, which are caused by Taenia saginata, Taenia solium and Taenia asiatica, are zoonotic parasitic infections with a significant disease burden worldwide. There is consensus amongst experts that T. saginata is a common tapeworm that causes taeniasis in humans as opposed to cysticercosis. This case study of a middle-aged Tibetan man conducted in 2021 challenges the prevailing notion that T. saginata exclusively causes taeniasis and not cysticercosis by documenting symptoms and laboratory studies related to both taeniasis and multiple cysticercosis. The patient\'s medical record with the symptoms of taeniasis and cysticercosis was reviewed, and the tapeworm\'s proglottids and cyst were identified from the patient by morphological evaluation, DNA amplification and sequencing. The patient frequently experienced severe headaches and vomiting. Both routine blood screenings and testing for antibodies against the most common parasites were normal. After anthelmintic treatment, an adult tapeworm was found in feces, and medical imaging examinations suggested multiple focal nodules in the brain and muscles of the patient. The morphological and molecular diagnosis of the proglottids revealed the Cestoda was T. saginata. Despite the challenges presented by the cyst\'s morphology, the molecular analysis suggested that it was most likely T. saginata. This case study suggests that T. saginata infection in humans has the potential to cause human cysticercosis. However, such a conclusion needs to be vetted by accurate genome-wide analysis in patients with T. saginata taeniasis associated with cysts. Such studies shall provide new insights into the pathogenicity of T. saginata.

Taeniasis is an intestinal helminth infection due to adult tapeworms belonging to the genus Taenia. Taeniasis remains a major burden in low-income countries in Asia. We present a case of intestinal perforation caused by adult tapeworm of Taenia in a 50-year-old Nepali male. The patients presented to the hospital with severe abdominal pain and intermittent vomiting. Following clinical presentations and imaging features, gastrointestinal perforation was suspected. Surgical removal of adult tapeworm of Taenia, suspected to be T. saginata or T. asiatica, was carried out during exploratory laparotomy, which was followed by an uneventful postoperative period. In addition to case presentation, we systematically review published case reports on taeniasis-related intestinal perforation. A learning point from this case is clinician should maintain a clinical suspicion of taeniasis as a possible cause of intestinal perforation in endemic areas.

BACKGROUND The global burden of Taenia saginata (T. saginata), the beef tapeworm, includes economic loss, and its pathogenicity is considered mild. T. saginata can infect the human definitive host when people ingest larval cysts from raw or undercooked beef, as cattle are the intermediate host. This report is of a case of gastric perforation and pneumoperitoneum with regurgitation of T. saginata in a 27-year-old Lebanese man, and includes a review of previous cases of gastrointestinal perforation due to T. saginata. CASE REPORT We report a rare case of stomach perforation caused by T. saginata, in which the tapeworm was subsequently expelled orally. A computerized tomography (CT) scan was done, revealing pneumoperitoneum and abdominal fluid, which was consistent with evidence of a perforated hollow viscus. Three days after exploratory laparoscopy, the patient vomited a 3-meter tapeworm and the diagnosis was subsequently made. On the fourth day, a CT scan of the abdomen with oral contrast was performed and showed no leakage. A clear fluid diet was started on the fifth day. The patient was discharged home on the seventh postoperative day in good condition. One week after the discharge, the patient was examined; he was in a good condition and symptoms were completely relieved 1 week after worm expulsion. CONCLUSIONS This report shows that in countries or societies where eating raw beef is common, a diagnosis of infestation with T. saginata should be considered in patients who present with gastrointestinal symptoms.

Cysticercosis is a recognized fatal disease to the humans. Taenia solium, a larval stage of pork tapeworm that causes cysticercosis which is an important cause of morbidity in the world. This case report shows the clinical presentations of an atypical case of cutaneous cysticercosis on the right buccal mucosa and its management. It presents the importance of thorough knowledge, proper investigation, symptomatic management with improved treatment regimens and important role of minimally invasive surgery. Its outcome and the treatment options mainly depend on the number, location, size and stage of parasites, as well as on the immune response of the host.

Cysticercus is the infective larval form of the cystode T. solium that causes cysticercosis. It is has been declared as one of the neglected endemic zoonoses by the WHO. Poor sanitation, and consumption of undercooked infected pork and raw vegetables contaminated by human feces are the potential sources. Cysticercosis can affect various organs. India is one of the endemic countries where the parasite is prevalent in many states. This study aimed to analyze and report cases of cysticercosis based on the histopathological diagnosis. This is a retrospective study that included cases which had been reported as cysticercosis on histopathology from 2010 to 2018 at a tertiary care hospital. The clinical presentation of these cases along with macroscopic and microscopic features were reviewed. There were six cases of cysticercosis that were diagnosed on histopathology during the study period. Among them, two cases were intramuscular lesions, three were subcutaneous, and one case was an intraventricular lesion in the brain. Three of the cases presented as cystic lesions. On histopathological evaluation, cysts were identified in four cases on macroscopy. Microscopically, the cross section of the cysticercus was seen in all six cases with associated inflammatory change. To conclude, cysticercosis can clinically present as a benign neoplastic or an inflammatory lesion. Microscopic findings dictate the diagnosis of cysticercosis, although histopathological evaluation is not common.

Human coenurosis is caused by the larval stages of Taenia species, mainly Taenia multiceps and Taenia serialis. T. multiceps has been reported to cause human central nervous system (CNS) infections, but no CNS case caused by T. serialis has been reported. The authors report the first case of human neurocoenurosis caused by T. serialis, which was confirmed by mitochondrial DNA analysis. A 38-year-old man presented with visual disturbance and headache, and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a ring-enhancing cystic lesion in the left occipital lobe. Biopsy was performed, and the resultant histopathological diagnosis was that of low-grade B-cell lymphoma. Chemotherapy was initiated, but a subsequent MRI showed increased ring enhancement. Due to the unexpected clinical course, a surgical resection of the lesion was performed. The lesion was completely removed. Pathological examination showed multiple scolices with hooklets, suckers, and numerous calcareous corpuscles. Therefore, the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was made. However, mitochondrial DNA analysis showed that the disease was definitively coenurosis caused by T. serialis. Albendazole was administered, with no evidence of recurrence at 12 months following the operation. In this study, we demonstrate that T. serialis can cause CNS infection and that genetic analysis is recommended to establish a definitive diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Clonorchiasis is the common parasitic infection in the general population of the Republic of Korea, however, taeniasis is scarcely reported recently. Here, we describe a case of co-infection with the cestode T. saginata in a patient with subclinical clonorchiasis diagnosed by a combination of diagnostic tools in Korea.
METHODS: A 56-year-old man visited the hospital having passed proglottids in his stool for the past two months and brought a stool sample with segments to our hospital. He had no abdominal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation. He used to consume raw beef and fish frequently. We could not find evidence of gravid proglottids which contain fully developed uteri filled with ova or branched uterine structures, within the submitted sample. To identify the tapeworm species, we carried out molecular analyses on the proglottids. The cox1 and ef1a sequences had a 100% match with those of T. saginata and differed from the sequences of the other Taenia species. Upon examination of stool samples fixed by formalin-ether concentration method, no Taenia species ova were observed in 10 slides. Instead, C. sinensis ova were observed, despite the level of IgG specific to C. sinensis being within the normal range. The patient was treated with praziquantel (25 mg/kg, three times a day) for 3 days, and subsequently C. sinensis ova were not found in his stool.
CONCLUSIONS: Our case indicates that a combination of morphological, serological, and molecular diagnostic tools should be used for the accurate diagnosis of subclinical parasitic infections.