背景:严重不良生活事件,比如创伤经历,是众所周知的压力源涉及(青年)重度抑郁症(MD)。然而,到目前为止,在MD的背景下,人们对更常见的心理社会应激源的作用知之甚少,这是青年时期日常生活的一部分。此外,在被诊断为MD的年轻人中,不同的应激源是否以及如何与保护因素相互作用尚不清楚.因此,本研究旨在研究与首发青少年MD相关的几种特定的心理社会应激源,并探讨了保护性因素是否可以缓和应激源与MD诊断之间的关系的问题.
方法:包括100名患有MD的男性和女性青年和101名典型发展(TD)对照(10-18岁)。通过自我报告评估了生活各个领域中发生的大量定性不同的社会心理压力源。此外,我们还调查了社会人口统计学和产前和产后压力源,以及通过父母报告的家族性情感障碍的存在。社会支持和积极的家庭氛围被概念化为保护因素,并通过自我报告进行评估。
结果:结果显示,MD组经历特定心理社会应激源的年轻人比例高于TD组。特别是,表明家庭或学校变化的年轻人比例,暴力的经历,违法行为,此外,在MD组中,暴露于社会人口统计应激源的青年比例高于TD组.此外,有情感障碍家族史的年轻人的百分比,或其母亲在妊娠期间/之后经历心理负担在MD组中升高。与TD同龄人相比,拥有MD的年轻人经历了较少的社会支持和较少的积极家庭氛围。这些因素,然而,没有缓冲特定应激源对MD的影响。
结论:我们可以证明,除了更严重的不良生活事件,更常见的心理社会应激源与青年MD有关。重要的是,通过识别青年MD的不同压力源,我们的结果可以增加治疗和预防工作,旨在改善受MD影响的青少年或高危人群的结局.
BACKGROUND: Severe adverse life events, such as traumatic experiences, are well-known
stressors implicated in (youth) major depression (MD). However, to date, far less is known about the role of more common psychosocial
stressors in the context of MD, which are part of everyday life during youth. In addition, it is not well-understood whether and how distinct
stressors interact with protective factors in youths diagnosed with MD. Thus, the present study aimed at examining several specific psychosocial stressors implicated in a first-episode juvenile MD and addressed the question whether protective factors might moderate the relationship between stressors and a diagnosis of MD.
METHODS: One-hundred male and female youths with MD and 101 typically developing (TD) controls (10-18 years) were included. A large number of qualitatively different psychosocial
stressors occurring in various areas of life were assessed via self-report. Moreover, we also investigated sociodemographic and pre- and postnatal stressors, as well as the presence of familial affective disorders via parental-report. Social support and a positive family climate were conceptualized as protective factors and were assessed via self-report.
RESULTS: Results showed that the proportion of youths experiencing specific psychosocial stressors was higher in the MD than in the TD group. In particular, the proportion of youths indicating changes at home or at school, experiences of violence, delinquent behavior, as well as the proportion of youths who were exposed to sociodemographic stressors was higher in the MD than in the TD group. Moreover, the percentage of youths with a family history of an affective disorder, or whose mothers experienced psychological burdens during/after pregnancy was elevated in the MD group. Youths with MD experienced less social support and a less positive family climate than their TD peers. These factors, however, did not buffer the influence of specific
stressors on MD.
CONCLUSIONS: We could show that next to more severe adverse life events, more common psychosocial stressors are linked to youth MD. Importantly, by identifying distinct stressors in youth MD, our results can increase treatment and prevention efforts aiming to improve the outcomes in youths affected by MD or in at-risk individuals.