社会关系,取决于对社交网络的访问,促进参与社会活动,并提供获得社会支持的机会。这些社会因素已被证明对健康结果有积极影响。在当前的系统审查中,我们全面概述了社会活动的影响,社交网络和社会支持对健康老年人(50岁以上)的认知功能,并研究社会关系各方面对各种认知领域的不同影响。
我们遵循PRISMA(系统审查和荟萃分析的首选报告项目)指南,以及来自随机对照试验(RCTs)的整理数据,遗传和观察研究。利益的独立变量包括社会活动的主观测量,社交网络,社会支持,和社会关系的综合衡量标准(CMSR)。感兴趣的主要结果是认知功能分为情景记忆领域,语义记忆,整体记忆能力,工作记忆,口语流利,推理,注意,处理速度,视觉空间能力,整体执行功能和全球认知。
39项研究纳入综述;三项随机对照试验,34项观察性研究,和两项基因研究.证据表明(1)社会活动与全球认知和整体执行功能之间存在关系,工作记忆,视觉空间能力和处理速度,但不是情景记忆,口语流利,推理或注意力;(2)社交网络和全球认知,而不是情景记忆,注意力或处理速度;(3)社会支持和全球认知和情景记忆,但不是注意力或处理速度;(4)CMSR和情景记忆和言语流畅性,但不是全球认知。
结果支持先前的结论,即社会关系与认知功能之间存在关联,但这种关联的确切性质尚不清楚。讨论了研究结果的含义,并为未来的研究提供了建议。
PROSPERO2012:CRD42012003248。
Social relationships, which are contingent on access to social networks, promote engagement in social activities and provide access to social support. These social factors have been shown to positively impact health outcomes. In the current systematic
review, we offer a comprehensive overview of the impact of social activities, social networks and social support on the cognitive functioning of healthy older adults (50+) and examine the differential effects of aspects of social relationships on various cognitive domains.
We followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, and collated data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs), genetic and observational studies. Independent variables of interest included subjective measures of social activities, social networks, and social support, and composite measures of social relationships (CMSR). The primary outcome of interest was cognitive function divided into domains of episodic memory, semantic memory, overall memory ability, working memory, verbal fluency, reasoning, attention, processing speed, visuospatial abilities, overall executive functioning and global cognition.
Thirty-nine studies were included in the
review; three RCTs, 34 observational studies, and two genetic studies. Evidence suggests a relationship between (1) social activity and global cognition and overall executive functioning, working memory, visuospatial abilities and processing speed but not episodic memory, verbal fluency, reasoning or attention; (2) social networks and global cognition but not episodic memory, attention or processing speed; (3) social support and global cognition and episodic memory but not attention or processing speed; and (4) CMSR and episodic memory and verbal fluency but not global cognition.
The results support prior conclusions that there is an association between social relationships and cognitive function but the exact nature of this association remains unclear. Implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions for future research provided.
PROSPERO 2012: CRD42012003248 .