■COVID-19大流行对心理健康产生了广泛的影响。不同的人群经历了不同的大流行,强调先前存在的不平等,并在复苏中创造新的挑战。了解不同人群的影响并确定保护因素对于指导未来的大流行准备至关重要。这项研究的目的是(1)描述与总体福祉相关的具体COVID-19相关影响,(2)确定与更好的心理健康结果相关的保护因素,(3)评估大流行影响和保护因素的种族差异。
■2020年夏季对路易斯安那州居民进行了横断面调查,得出了986名黑人和白人成年人的样本。暴露是总体大流行影响,使用流行病-流行病影响清单来衡量,结果是总体幸福感(GWB),用一般福祉时间表衡量。潜在的保护因素包括社会支持,弹性,和社会凝聚力。构建了线性回归模型来检验大流行影响与GWB之间的关系,添加每个保护因子作为效应调节剂。进一步评估了这些关系的种族差异。
■大流行压力源可以分为社会,健康,工作,金融,和家庭相关的影响。黑人表现出较高的流行病影响水平和较低的社会支持水平,弹性,和社会凝聚力(p<0.0001),强调现有的种族差异,尽管黑人受访者和白人受访者在总体幸福感方面没有差异。社会支持,弹性,和社会凝聚力被确定为两组的保护因素(分别为p<0.0001),但是这些保护作用随着大流行影响的增加而恶化。在每个模型中,种族相互作用项增加的大流行影响也很显着(分别为p=0.0020,p<0.0001和p=0.0095),表明黑人的社会支持和韧性的保护作用比白人的下降更快。而白人的社会凝聚力的保护作用比黑人恶化得更快。
■本研究强调了心理社会资源在缓解大流行对心理健康影响方面的重要性。它还表明,缺乏关键支持系统的边缘化社区更加脆弱。调查结果强调需要有针对性的干预措施,以加强获得社会支持的机会,促进韧性,增强社会凝聚力,尤其是少数群体。此外,政策制定者应考虑采取积极措施,以协助复苏,并减轻未来危机对弱势群体的不成比例的影响。
UNASSIGNED: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a wide-ranging impact on mental health. Diverse populations experienced the pandemic differently, highlighting pre-existing inequalities and creating new challenges in recovery. Understanding the effects across diverse populations and identifying protective factors is crucial for guiding future pandemic preparedness. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the specific COVID-19-related impacts associated with general well-being, (2) identify protective factors associated with better mental health outcomes, and (3) assess racial disparities in pandemic impact and protective factors.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional survey of Louisiana residents was conducted in summer 2020, yielding a sample of 986 Black and White adults. The exposure was overall pandemic impact, measured using the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory, and the outcome was general well-being (GWB), measured with the General Well-Being Schedule. Potential protective factors included social support, resilience, and social cohesion. Linear regression models were constructed to examine the association between pandemic impact and GWB, with each protective factor added as an effect modifier. These relationships were further assessed for differences by race.
UNASSIGNED: Pandemic stressors can be grouped into social, health, work, finance, and family-related impacts. Black persons displayed higher levels of pandemic impact as well as lower levels of social support, resilience, and social cohesion (p < 0.0001), highlighting existing racial disparities, though Black respondents and White respondents exhibited no differences in general-well being. Social support, resilience, and social cohesion were identified as protective factors for both groups (p < 0.0001, respectively), but these protective effects deteriorated as pandemic impacts increased. The addition of a pandemic impact by race interaction term was also significant in each model (p = 0.0020, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.0095, respectively) and showed that the protective effects of social support and resilience deteriorated more rapidly for Black persons than White persons, while the protective effects of social cohesion deteriorated more rapidly for White persons than Black persons.
UNASSIGNED: This study emphasizes the importance of psychosocial resources in buffering the mental health impact of pandemics. It also suggests greater vulnerability for marginalized communities lacking access to crucial support systems. Findings underscore the need for targeted interventions that bolster access to social support, promote resilience, and strengthen social cohesion, particularly within minority groups. Additionally, policymakers should consider proactive measures to assist in recovery and mitigate the disproportionate impact of future crises on vulnerable populations.