西利宾,或者水飞蓟宾,是一种多酚类黄酮和水飞蓟素的主要活性成分,从奶蓟植物(水飞蓟属)的种子中分离。它已被证明具有抗氧化剂,抗肿瘤,保肝,神经保护,抗炎,抗菌,和抗糖尿病作用。在这次系统审查中,从一开始到2024年1月,对主要电子数据库进行了文献检索(PubMed,Scopus,WebofScience,和GoogleScholar)以确定评估水飞蓟宾对糖尿病及其相关并发症的不同分子影响的研究,细胞,动物,和临床研究。水飞蓟宾已被证明可以通过多种机制改善糖尿病状况,包括降低胰岛素抵抗(IR),降低活性氧(ROS)水平,影响糖酵解,糖异生,和糖原分解。水飞蓟宾治疗降低血糖(BG)水平,氧化应激标志物,在各种糖尿病细胞和动物模型中增加糖基化血红蛋白(HbA1C)和抗氧化标志物水平。它还改善了甘油三酯(TG)的水平,胆固醇,低密度脂蛋白(LDL),和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)。此外,水飞蓟宾已被确定为糖尿病并发症的有效治疗方法,包括肝损伤,内皮功能障碍,神经病,肾病,视网膜病变,和骨质疏松症。有前途的抗炎,抗氧化剂,抗糖尿病药,临床研究也支持水飞蓟宾的胰岛素增敏活性。水飞蓟宾的给药在改善DM及其并发症方面可能具有多种保护作用。然而,需要进一步精心设计的调查,以更好地了解其机制。
Silibinin, or silybin, is a polyphenolic flavonoid and the main active component of silymarin, isolated from the seeds of the milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum). It has been shown to have antioxidant, antineoplastic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic effects. In this systematic
review, a literature search was conducted from inception until January 2024 on major electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) to identify studies assessing the effects of silibinin on diabetes and its associated complications in different molecular, cellular, animal, and clinical studies.
Silibinin has been shown to improve diabetic conditions through a variety of mechanisms, including reducing insulin resistance (IR), lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and affecting glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis.
Silibinin treatment reduced blood glucose (BG) levels, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory cytokines while increasing glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and antioxidative marker levels in various cellular and animal models of diabetes. It also ameliorated levels of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Furthermore,
silibinin has been identified as an effective treatment for diabetic complications, including hepatic damage, endothelial dysfunction, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and osteoporosis. The promising anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and insulin-sensitizing activities of silibinin were also supported in clinical studies. The administration of silibinin could possess multiple protective impacts in improving DM and its complications. Nevertheless, further well-designed investigations are necessary to better understand its mechanisms.