海洋塑料污染是一个公认和有争议的问题,影响大多数海洋生态系统。尽管如此,与其他海洋物种和栖息地相比,塑料污染对海草的威胁尚未受到科学关注。本综述旨在总结过去十年(2012年1月至2023年)发表的科学数据。关于塑料污染的评估,所有的尺寸和类型,包括生物基聚合物,世界各地的几种海草物种。为了实现这一目标,对26篇科学论文进行了全面和批判性的审查,考虑到调查区域,所考虑的海草种类和植物部分,实验设计和聚合物类型分析,在现场监测和实验室控制实验中。本综述的结果清楚地表明,海草中塑料污染的动态和影响仍未得到充分探索。大多数数据来自欧洲,北美和南美的塑料污染数据很少或根本没有,澳大利亚,非洲和南极洲。大多数研究都是针对微塑料,有限的研究致力于宏观塑料和只有一个纳米塑料。方法学方法(在实验设计和聚合物物理化学表征方面)应仔细标准化,除了使用模型物种,比如Zosteramarina,和进一步的实验室实验。所有这些知识差距都必须紧急解决,因为有价值和可靠的科学知识是必要的,以改善海草栖息地保护措施,以应对当前的塑料污染危机。
Marine plastic pollution is a well-recognised and debated issue affecting most marine ecosystems. Despite this, the threat of plastic pollution on seagrasses has not received significant scientific attention compared to other marine species and habitats. The present
review aims to summarise the scientific data published in the last decade (January 2012-2023), concerning the evaluation of plastic pollution, of all sizes and types, including bio-based polymers, on several seagrass species worldwide. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive and critical
review of 26 scientific papers has been carried out, taking into consideration the investigated areas, the
seagrass species and the plant parts considered, the experimental design and the type of polymers analysed, both in field monitoring and in laboratory-controlled experiments. The outcomes of the present
review clearly showed that the dynamics and effects of plastic pollution in
seagrass are still under-explored. Most data emerged from Europe, with little or no data on plastic pollution in North and South America, Australia, Africa and Antarctica. Most of the studies were devoted to microplastics, with limited studies dedicated to macroplastics and only one to nanoplastics. The methodological approach (in terms of experimental design and polymer physico-chemical characterisation) should be carefully standardised, beside the use of a model species, such as Zostera marina, and further laboratory experiments. All these knowledge gaps must be urgently fulfilled, since valuable and reliable scientific knowledge is necessary to improve seagrass habitat protection measures against the current plastic pollution crisis.