Atopic dermatitis is usually associated with various ocular complications. We report a 21-year-old Chinese male who presented to our ophthalmology clinic with bilateral retinal detachment and cataracts. The patient had a clear medical history of atopic dermatitis, which had been diagnosed eight years earlier and had been treated with loratadine and pimecrolimus. Cataract surgery was performed for both eyes, combined with scleral buckling for the right eye and pars plana vitrectomy for the left eye. During postoperative follow-up, fundus fluorescein angiography showed retinal vasculitis in both eyes and macular edema in the left eye, which coincided with an exacerbation of atopic dermatitis. Macular edema improved after four months of regular dupilumab treatment in the dermatology department. The ocular condition remained stable three years postoperatively.

BACKGROUND: Retinal cysts are rare lesions of the fundus that are essentially fluid-filled cavities located or originating in the retina, with a diameter larger than the normal retinal thickness. To date, there have been few case reports of giant retinal cyst hemorrhage with retinoschisis.
METHODS: A 32-year-old woman with no other medical history complained of decreased vision for 3 days after a severe cough. The best-corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 0.5. A comprehensive ophthalmological examination including slit-lamp fundoscopy, ultrasound scan of the eye, optical coherence tomography scan, and orbital magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Ophthalmological examination revealed grade III anterior chamber blood cells and grade III vitreous hemorrhage in the right eye and a large herpetic cyst on the nasal side of the retina. The cyst projected into the vitreous, with a large amount of hemorrhage vaguely visible within it. The cyst was clearly visible, and a superficial retinal limiting detachment was observed around it. Ultrasound showed a retinal cyst with retinal detachment in the right eye. Laboratory test results were unremarkable. After 3 months of conservative treatment, the patient\'s intracystic hemorrhage was significantly absorbed, but the size of the cyst cavity did not show any significant change. Scleral buckling with external compression combined with external drainage of the intracystic fluid was performed, the patient\'s visual acuity was gradually restored to a normal 1.0 after the operation, and the retina appeared flattened. The patient was finally diagnosed with a giant retinal cyst with retinoschisis in the right eye. The presumed cause was heavy coughing leading to rupture and hemorrhage of the retinal cyst, similar to the mechanism of rupture of an arterial dissection. To the best of our knowledge, this case of retinal cyst rupture and hemorrhage caused by heavy coughing with good recovery after external surgical treatment has never been reported before.
CONCLUSIONS: Giant cystic retinal hemorrhage with retinoschisis is very rare. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging and ocular B-scan ultrasound are essential for its diagnosis, and the selection of an appropriate surgical procedure is necessary to maximize the benefit for affected patients.

暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: Macular hole (MH) development following scleral buckling (SB) surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair is rare. This study presents both full-thickness MH (FTMH) and lamellar MH (LMH) cases following SB for the treatment of RRD.
METHODS: Clinical records of patients undergoing SB surgery for treatment of RRD at the Xi\'an People\'s Hospital (Xi\'an Fourth Hospital) from January 2016 to December 2021 were reviewed, and cases with postoperative MH were selected. Clinical features and follow-up data were summarised, and possible causes were analysed.
RESULTS: Among 483 identified cases (483 eyes), four eyes (three male patients, one female patient) had postoperative MH, with prevalence, mean age, and mean axial length of 0.83%, 43.5 ± 10.66 years, and 29.13 ± 3.80 mm, respectively. All patients did not undergo subretinal fluid (SRF) drainage. The mean time for detecting MH was 26 ± 15.5 days postoperatively. Macula-off RRD with high myopia and FTMH combined with retinal re-detachment were diagnosed in three patients. One patient had macula-on RRD with outer LMH. The average follow-up duration was 7.25 ± 1.5 months. The FTMH closed successfully after reoperation, while the outer LMH closed without intervention. Visual acuity insignificantly improved or slightly decreased in all patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with high myopia combined with macula-off RRD might be more susceptible to FTMH, causing MH related retinal detachment. Additionally, LMH following SB was noted in patients with macula-on RRD. Therefore, we should raise awareness of MH following SB for RRD repair.

OBJECTIVE: To report a new technique for fundus examination using a wide-angle viewing system combined with intraocular illumination without accessing the vitreous cavity.
METHODS: Retrospective case series METHODS: Consecutive patients with atopic dermatitis-related cataracts who underwent standard cataract surgery and the novel fundus examination technique were included. After phacoemulsification, the anterior and posterior chambers were filled with ocular viscoelastic devices. A 27-gauge endo-illumination probe was inserted into the anterior chamber through a corneal incision made for cataract surgery. The fundus examination was performed with a wide-angle viewing system and scleral indentation. If any retinal breaks/detachments were detected, they were treated simultaneously. Finally, an intraocular lens was implanted.
RESULTS: Ten patients (13 eyes) were included (mean age 26.8 years; 9 men). Retinal breaks were detected in 5 eyes (38%); 2 of the 5 had rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) (15%). Intraoperative cryopexy was performed for 3 eyes with retinal breaks, while 2 eyes with RRD underwent a scleral buckling procedure (SBP) during the same surgery. There were no intra- or postoperative complications, including posterior capsule damage. The average surgical time was 22 minutes for cases requiring only fundus examination and about 28 and for eyes with cryopexy and 80 minutes for SBP.
CONCLUSIONS: The described technique may reduce the disadvantages of creating scleral incisions and provide comparable visibility to inserting the illuminator into the vitreous cavity.

BACKGROUND: To review cases of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) secondary to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and its surgical management and presume their mechanism.
METHODS: Medical records of patients who underwent surgery for RRD between 2015 and 2019 at a single tertiary care center were retrospectively reviewed. New BRVO secondary to RRD or its surgical procedure was diagnosed based on the fundus examination and its clinical course.
RESULTS: A total of 734 RRD surgeries were performed for five years, and six cases of new BRVOs were noticed in the first year after surgery (incidence was 0.68%: six cases of BRVO / 734 cases of surgical RRD); five cases occurred after vitrectomy, and one occurred after scleral buckling. In three cases, retinal veins were presumed to already be partially occluded related due to a kink of the retinal vein seen before surgery. In the other three cases, the retinal veins were presumed to have incurred damage during vitrectomy.
CONCLUSIONS: In the present cohort, RRD or its related procedures caused BRVO within a year of surgery at an incidence of 0.68%. The proposed mechanisms are kinks of the retinal vein on the detached retina and damage to the retinal vein during vitrectomy.

UNASSIGNED: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) presents as a common ophthalmological emergency that impacts vision and may lead to blindness in the involved eye. Recently, chandelier-assisted scleral buckling (SB) is considered as one of procedures for the management of RRD. Herein, we present a case of acute cataract progression caused by a chandelier light during chandelier-assisted SB for RRD.
UNASSIGNED: A 69-year-old male patient presented with right eye RRD. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was reduced to 20/40 in the right eye, and a retinal tear was observed at the upper temporal side with macula-off retinal detachment. The retinal tear was on the periphery, and the crystalline lens opacity was mild; therefore, the patient was treated with SB with a chandelier. Intraoperatively, posterior lens opacity was gradually observed, but it did not affect surgery. Thus, the surgery was completed as planned and retinal reattachment was confirmed. The day after surgery, the cataract had progressed, with a significantly decreased right BCVA of 20/400 in the right eye; therefore, cataract surgery was performed 2 months after the initial surgery. Because the posterior capsule had already ruptured, we performed lens extraction and anterior vitrectomy and fixed the intraocular lens with an optic capture. Postoperatively, the patient\'s BCVA had recovered to 20/40 in the right eye.
UNASSIGNED: SB with a chandelier is an effective treatment for visibility and educational purposes; however, several points of caution are raised. Proper care should be taken while handling the illumination in the SB.

This case report describes the successful use of a XEN gel stent for controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in a patient who had previously undergone scleral encircling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The patient had very limited mobile conjunctiva due to scarring caused by the earlier surgery, which limited their options for glaucoma surgery. The XEN gel stent, a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) procedure that does not require opening the conjunctiva, was implanted in the subconjunctival space using an ab interno approach. Postoperative blebs were imaged using anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and IOP was monitored over six months. This study found that the XEN gel stent effectively controlled the IOP, and there were no complications during or after surgery. This case report may expand the indication for the XEN gel stent, which could be considered a viable option for patients who have undergone scleral buckling and have limited mobile conjunctiva.

Background: When scleral buckling is performed using a #240 encircling band anterior to the equator for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, buckle migration may occur anteriorly, eroding the rectus muscle. There are few cases of buckle migration occurring simultaneously with buckle infection. Notably, most previous reports included inadequate data on the pathophysiology of buckle migration and did not include the Hess test and perioperative images. Case presentation: A 36-year-old man with a history of atopic dermatitis underwent scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment of the left eye with #287 and #240 encircling bands at Kagoshima University Hospital. Four years later, he developed discharge, redness, and diplopia of the left eye. He was then referred to our hospital because buckle infection was suspected. The buckle was partially visible on the lower nasal side. Optical coherence tomography of the anterior chamber revealed the buckle to be on the nasal side and overlying the medial rectus muscle. Buckle migration and infection in the left eye was diagnosed, and early buckle removal was recommended. Two weeks later, on the day before surgery, conjunctival melting progressed in the nasal and inferior areas, and the buckle was exposed to a greater extent. In the surgical video at the initial surgery, the silicone band was confirmed to pass under the four rectus muscles, specifically the inferior and medial rectus muscles. At the beginning of the second surgery, we confirmed that the buckles were over the inferior and medial rectus muscles. As far as could be observed after buckle removal, the inferior and medial rectus muscles were not present at the normal location. Postoperatively, ocular pain and discharge quickly resolved. The subjective symptoms of diplopia also improved, and the postoperative Hess chart showed an improved ocular movement in the upward and lateral directions. Conclusions: Buckle migration is a rare postoperative complication of scleral buckling; however, patients at risk of buckle migration, such as those with encircling scleral buckle anterior to the eyeball, should be monitored with caution. If a buckle infection develops, buckle migration may occur within a short period, and early buckle removal should be considered.

OBJECTIVE: To highlight the recent work published from the Primary Retinal Detachment Outcomes (PRO) Study Group.
RESULTS: The PRO database was a large dataset made up of patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD) who had surgical repair during 2015. The database was constituted of nearly 3000 eyes from 6 centers across the United States and included 61 vitreoretinal surgeons. Nearly 250 metrics were collected for each patient, creating one of the richest datasets of patients with primary rhegmatogenous detachments and their outcomes. The importance of scleral buckling was demonstrated, particularly for phakic eyes, elderly patients, and those with inferior breaks. 360° laser may result in poorer outcomes. Cystoid macular edema was common, and risk factors were identified. We also found risk factors for vision loss in eyes presenting with good vision. A PRO Score was devised, to predict outcomes based on presenting clinical characteristics. We also identified characteristics of surgeons with the highest single surgery success rates. Overall, there were no major outcome differences between viewing systems, gauges, buckles sutured vs. scleral tunnels, drainage method, and techniques to address proliferative vitreoretinopathy. All incisional techniques were found to be very cost-effective treatment modalities.
CONCLUSIONS: Numerous studies resulted from the PRO database that significantly added to the literature regarding the repair of primary RRDs in the current era of vitreoretinal surgery.