背景:印度所有年龄段的人都越来越多地报道维生素D缺乏症(VDD)。报告表明,VDD影响所有年龄组,从新生儿到青少年。Further,印度儿童也有习惯性低钙摄入量的报道。鉴于多重准则,印度情况的特殊性,改变生活方式,缺乏防御工事,印度儿科学会(IAP)认为有必要制定儿科医生预防和治疗儿童和青少年维生素D和钙缺乏症的实践指南。
方法:“儿童维生素D和钙指南”委员会由IAP于2016年9月成立。2016年11月在孟买举行了一次协商委员会会议。来自印度和国际研究的证据以及其他先前发表的建议,这与印度的情况有关,为编制这些指南进行了整理。
结果:为儿科医生提供预防和治疗印度维生素D和钙缺乏的实践指南。
结论:对于预防早产儿的病,400IU的维生素D和150-220mg/kg的钙,在新生儿中,每天推荐400IU的维生素D和200毫克的钙。为预防1岁以下婴儿(新生儿期后)的病和低钙血症,从1到18岁,400IU和600IU维生素D/天和250-500毫克/天和600-800毫克/天的钙,分别,被推荐。用于治疗早产儿的病,1岁至1-18岁的婴儿,1000IU,每天2000IU和3000-6000IU的维生素D,分别,和元素钙70-80毫克/千克/天的早产儿和500-800毫克/天的所有年龄以上的儿童建议。较大剂量的维生素D可以从3个月到18岁给予,为60,000IU/周,持续6周。
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is being increasingly reported from India from all age-groups. Reports suggest that VDD affects all age groups, from neonates to adolescents. Further, habitually low calcium intakes are also reported in Indian children. Given the multiple
guidelines, peculiarities of Indian circumstances, changing lifestyles, and lack of fortification, the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) felt the need for a Practice Guideline for Pediatricians for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D and calcium deficiency in children and adolescents.
METHODS: The \'
Guideline for Vitamin D and Calcium in Children\' committee was formed by the IAP in September 2016. A consultative committee meeting was held in November 2016 in Mumbai. Evidence from Indian and international studies and other previous published recommendations, which were pertinent to the Indian circumstances, were collated for the preparation of these
guidelines.
RESULTS: To present a practice
guideline for pediatricians for the prevention and treatment of deficiency of vitamin D and calcium in the Indian context.
CONCLUSIONS: For the prevention of rickets in premature infants, 400 IU of vitamin D and 150-220 mg/kg of calcium, and in neonates, 400 IU of vitamin D and 200 mg of calcium are recommended daily. For prevention of
rickets and hypocalcemia in infants (after neonatal period) upto 1 year of age, and from 1-18 years, 400 IU and 600 IU vitamin D/day and 250-500 mg/day and 600-800 mg/day of calcium, respectively, are recommended. For treatment of rickets in premature neonates, infants upto 1 year and from 1-18 years, 1000 IU, 2000 IU and 3000-6000 IU of vitamin D daily, respectively, and elemental calcium of 70-80 mg/kg/day in premature neonates and 500-800 mg daily for all children over that age are recommended. Larger doses of vitamin D may be given from 3 months to 18 years of age as 60,000 IU/week for 6 weeks.