暂无摘要。

Efforts to improve on cancer therapy have begun to capitalize on recent advances in our understanding of tumorigenesis. Tumor-specific characteristics are being exploited to develop selective antibodies and pharmacological inhibitors that specifically target cancer cells, and these agents are already showing clinical promise. None of these approaches, however, has captured our imagination as much as the use of replication-competent viruses to kill cancer cells. Whereas normal cells resist replication, tumor cells have an impaired antiviral response that sensitizes them to oncolytic viruses. One such virus is reovirus, a benign, naturally occurring virus that can effect tumor regression in animal models. Reovirus is demonstrating much promise in pre-clinical studies of cancer therapy and in clinical trials, where a lack of toxicity and signs of efficacy are generating excitement for this novel potential cancer therapeutic.

BACKGROUND: A variable rate of false-positive results may be observed with commercial assays for the detection of rotavirus and adenovirus antigen in stool specimens, depending on the quality of the reagents and the presence of potentially interfering substances in stool samples.
OBJECTIVE: The present report analyse the discrepant results that could be obtained by the commercially available diagnostic tests and that can mask the reliable viral diagnosis.
METHODS: One fecal sample was collected from a hospitalized child aged 6 months with acute watery diarrhea and dehydration. The fecal specimen was processed the same day for the rotavirus and adenovirus antigen detection.
RESULTS: The sample was positive for rotavirus antigen by one-step membrane test based on immunochromatographic assays (ICA) and enzyme immunoassays (EIA) monoclonal test but it was negative by an EIA polyclonal test, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and RT-PCR assays. In the other hand, the sample was positive for adenovirus antigen by ICA and EIA adenovirus type 40/41. Finally, the sample showed by PAGE an electrophoretic profile resembled that of reovirus.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of a wide repertory of diagnosis tests allowed to reach an unusual reovirus-adenovirus type 40/41 dual infection. This case also point out the potential participation of reovirus in the ethiology of the diarrhea illness.

暂无摘要。

This report is concerned with a consistent problem of neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) in a dairy herd in which, for nearly two years, the morbidity had approached 100% and the mortality had varied from 20% to 45%. Generally, diarrhea appeared at three days of age. By the fluorescent antibody tissue section technique the two Nebraska NCD viruses (reo-like and corona-like) were detected in the cytoplasm of many absorptive cells of the small intestine from a calf submitted for necropsy. Reo-like virus antigen was not detected in the absorptive and crypt cells of the colon but coronavirus-like antigen was. An adenovirus was also isolated from the small intestine of this calf. The disease was reproduced experimentally in a two day old colostrum deprived calf with a bacteria free intestinal homogenate obtained from the naturally infected calf. Both Nebraska NCD viruses were demonstrated in this experimental animal. However, the adenovirus was not re-isolated. Histological lesions observed in the small and large intestines of the naturally and experimentally infected calves were similar and because of their good correlation with the immunofluorescent findings, a combination of the two Nebraska NCD viruses was thought to be a major cause of the neonatal calf diarrhea problem afflicting this dairy herd.

An outbreak of Gumboro disease occurred at the end of 1988 on a broiler farm having four houses and birds of two different age groups. The infection \'lingered\' in the subsequent flocks, a striking feature consisting in the fact that the pattern of disease was identical in almost every case. Symptoms of Gumboro disease were not observed in the compartment housing the oldest broilers. The birds in this house continued to show low titres at the close of the fattening period. Gumboro disease was observed on the 19th and 20th days of life or on the 29th-33rd days of life in the other houses. Mortality was highest in the latter case. The final conclusion is that the difference in age between the houses probably makes the high pressure of infection possible. Consistent vaccination reduced the problem of Gumboro disease on the farm.