在过去的几十年中,拉曼光谱在工业和学术层面上都得到了广泛的应用。这导致了许多专门的拉曼技术和拉曼活性产品的发展,这反过来又导致了与拉曼单元校准有关的标准和规范的采用和发展,性能验证,和互操作性。本审查的目的是列出,分类,并对不同的标准进行全面分析,指南,与拉曼光谱有关的实践。审查的主要目的是考虑这些标准和规范之间的共性和冲突,并确定任何缺失的方面。拉曼光谱领域的标准化由美国机构的工作主导,即,美国材料试验学会(ASTM或ASTM国际),有几个与术语相关的有效标准,校准,多变量分析,和特定的应用,和国家标准与技术研究所(NIST),提供大量经认证的参考材料,称为标准参考材料。拉曼光谱的工业应用以制药行业为主。因此,药典不仅提供了与拉曼光谱的药物相关应用的重要信息,但也是宝贵的洞察力,拉曼光谱的基本原理和重要方面,包括校准,验证,测量,和化学计量分析过程,通常通过参考ASTM和NIST标准。鉴于拉曼光谱是一个现代和创新的领域,标准化过程复杂且不断发展。尽管现有标准的数量似乎很多,根据近年来拉曼光谱技术的发展,标准化领域是不完整的,尚未现代化。由于缺乏许多领域的协议以及一些现有标准尚未更新以反映技术的进步,这一点很明显。因此,拉曼社区积极参与并为现代化进程做出贡献非常重要,这将导致更新现有术语并引入新术语,协议,和向导。的确,优化通用标准的发展将是非常有益的,并将进一步促进拉曼光谱技术的发展和应用,最著名的是表面增强拉曼光谱和低分辨率便携式分析仪。
Over the past decades Raman spectroscopy has been extensively used both on an industrial and academic level. This has resulted in the development of numerous specialized Raman techniques and Raman active products, which in turn has led to the adoption and development of standards and norms pertaining to Raman unit\'s calibration, performance validation, and interoperability. Purpose of the present
review is to list, classify, and engage in a comprehensive analysis of the different standards, guides, and practices relating to Raman spectroscopy. Primary aim of the
review is to consider the commonalities and conflicts between these standards and norms and to identify any missing aspects. Standardization in the field of Raman spectroscopy is dominated by the work of American institutions, namely, the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM or ASTM International), with several active standards in place pertaining to terminology, calibration, multivariate analysis, and specific applications, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), providing numerous certified reference materials, referred to as standard reference materials. The industrial application of Raman spectroscopy is dominated by the pharmaceutical industry. As such, pharmacopoeias provide not only important information in relation to pharmaceutical-related applications of Raman spectroscopy, but also invaluable insight, into the basic principles of Raman spectroscopy and important aspects that include calibration, validation, measurement, and chemometric analysis processes, usually by referring to ASTM and NIST standards. Given the fact that Raman spectroscopy is a modern and innovative field, the standardization processes are complex and constantly evolving. Despite the seemingly high number of existing standards, the standardization landscape is incomplete and has not been modernized according to the developments in Raman spectroscopy techniques in recent years. This is evident by the lack of protocols for numerous areas as well as by the fact that some of the existing standards have not been updated to reflect the advances in the technique. Therefore, it is important for the Raman community to actively engage in and contribute to a modernization process that will result in updating existing and introducing new terms, protocols, and guides. Indeed, the development of optimized common standards would be extremely beneficial and would further foster the development and application of Raman spectroscopy techniques, most notably those of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and low-resolution portable analyzers.