在全球范围内,电气和电子设备废物(电子废物)的产生正以惊人的速度增长。这可能最终导致其在水生环境中的积累,主要是因为存在不可生物降解的成分。稀土元素钇(Y)是特别相关的,因为它存在于各种各样的基于电的设备中。在此背景下,本研究调查了在Mytilusgalloprovincialis中人为Y暴露的生物学后果。贻贝暴露于Y(0,5,10,20,40μg/L)28天,以及它们的生物累积和与代谢相关的生物标志物,氧化应激防御,细胞损伤,和神经毒性进行了评估。结果表明,随着暴露浓度的增加,组织Y含量增加(尽管生物富集因子降低)。在最低Y剂量(5µg/L)下,贻贝降低了它们的电子传输系统(ETS)活性,消耗更多的能量储备(糖原),和激活的超氧化物歧化酶活性,从而防止细胞损伤。在最高Y剂量(40μg/L)下,贻贝减少了它们的生物转化活动,没有细胞损伤的迹象,这可能与Y的低毒性和ETS活性的降低/维持有关。虽然只观察到轻微的影响,本研究结果引起了对水生系统的环境关注,在水生系统中,人为Y浓度通常较低,但仍可能损害生物的生化性能。特别相关的是能量代谢和解毒过程的变化,因为它们对生长和繁殖的长期影响,也作为对其他压力源的防御机制。环境毒物化学2022;00:1-12。©2022作者WileyPeriodicalsLLC代表SETAC出版的环境毒理学和化学。
The production of electrical and electronic equipment waste (e-waste) is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. This may eventually lead to its accumulation in aquatic environments, mainly because of the presence of nonbiodegradable components. The rare-earth element yttrium (Y) is particularly relevant because it is present in a wide variety of electro-based equipment. Within this context, the present study investigated the biological consequences of anthropogenic Y exposure in Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were exposed to Y (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 μg/L) for 28 days, and their bioaccumulation and biomarkers related to metabolism, oxidative stress defenses, cellular damage, and neurotoxicity were evaluated. The results revealed that tissue Y content increased at increasing exposure concentrations (though the bioconcentration factor decreased). At the lowest Y dosage (5 µg/L), mussels lowered their electron transport system (ETS) activity, consumed more energy reserves (glycogen), and activated superoxide dismutase activity, thus preventing cellular damage. At the highest Y dosage (40 μg/L), mussels reduced their biotransformation activities with no signs of cellular damage, which may be associated with the low toxicity of Y and the lower/maintenance of ETS activity. Although only minor effects were observed, the present findings raise an environmental concern for aquatic systems where anthropogenic Y concentrations are generally low but still may compromise organisms\' biochemical performance. Particularly relevant are the alterations in energy metabolism and detoxification processes for their longer-term impacts on growth and reproduction but also as defense mechanisms against other stressors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:166-177. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.