背景:目前正在实施卫生政策,以应对全球37%的慢性病患者和63%的死亡。在提案中,加速支持患者更大的自主权,它包含了几个概念,包括赋权。为了实现这一点,开发一个环境来提高个人的行动能力似乎是一个基本步骤。这项研究的目的是在慢性病管理的背景下为患者描述有利的环境。
方法:采用综合评审设计。Medline,CINAHL,和WebofScience数据库进行了搜索,以确定2009年至2019年之间发表的相关文献。总的来说,审查过程以PRISMA2020清单为指导。使用混合方法评价工具进行质量评价。
结果:共分析了40篇文章,分为18项定量研究,11项定性研究,两项混合研究,七位专家意见,一个理论和一个会议报告。定义有利环境的以下特征取自与慢性病患者有关的文献:需求评估-适应反应,支持“小心”,参与支持,知识改进,与专业人士接触,利用信息和通信技术,和组织护理。除此之外,这七个类别之间突出的相互作用是有利环境的特征。
结论:本综述详细说明了为慢性病患者创造有利环境的基本要素。它包括医疗保健专业人员之间的伙伴关系,比如高级执业护士,以及必须为其设计干预措施和护理策略的个人。
BACKGROUND: Health policies are currently being implemented to cope with the 37% of those affected by chronic disease and 63% of deaths worldwide. Among the proposals, there is accelerating support for greater autonomy for patients, which incorporates several concepts, including empowerment. To achieve this, develop an environment to increase an individual\'s capacity for action seems to be a fundamental step. The aim of this study is to characterize an enabling environment for patients in the context of chronic disease management.
METHODS: An integrative
review design was applied. Medline, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant literature published between 2009 and 2019. Overall, the
review process was guided by the PRISMA 2020 checklist. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for quality evaluation was used.
RESULTS: A total of 40 articles were analyzed, divided into 18 quantitative studies, 11 qualitative studies, two mixed studies, seven expert opinions, one theory and one conference report. The following characteristics defining an enabling environment were taken from the literature relating to those with a chronic condition: Needs assessment-adaptation of responses, supporting \"take care\", involvement in support, knowledge improvement, engagement with professionals, use of information and communication technologies, and organization of care. Beyond that, the interactions highlighted between these seven categories characterize an enabling environment.
CONCLUSIONS: This
review specifies the essential elements of an enabling environment for patients with chronic conditions. It encompasses the partnership between the healthcare professional, such as the advanced practice nurse, and the individual for whom interventions and care strategies must be devised.