OBJECTIVE: To critically summarise the qualitative literature to understand patients\' experiences of delusional memories during their Intensive Care Unit stay.
METHODS: A systematic review of qualitative studies with meta-synthesis and meta-summary. We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and Web of Science to July 2022. All studies that provided qualitative insights into the subjective experience of adult patients with delusional memories in the Intensive Care Unit were selected. The Critical Assessment Skills Programme checklist was used for the quality assessment.
RESULTS: Fourteen studies were included. The 33 codes that emerged from the inductive thematic analysis were grouped into three themes: \'The sense of danger and the terrifying aspect of death\' (feeling in danger, surrounded by death, persecuted by people around, and feeling unsafe), \'The presence of someone or something nearby\' (perceiving the loved ones, feeling overwhelmed by scary creatures, and being neglected by those around me), and \'The reality behind the world perceived by the senses\' (travelling the world, stimulating the senses, feeling peaceful, and living in a fantasy world). The most frequent code in the studies was \'Be with a family member\', with an intensity of 35.7%.
CONCLUSIONS: The patient\'s experience described as delusional is considered a real event by the person experiencing it. Further research is needed to investigate the extent to which these experiences lead to poorer early and late outcomes for patients, and to test strategies to prevent this.
CONCLUSIONS: A deeper understanding of the phenomenon may help healthcare professionals to recognise precursors, symptoms and consequences of delusional memories and intervene with appropriate help. One strategy would be to further humanise care and focus on family involvement and communication with patients to overcome the factual events that can potentially alter patients\' quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: This qualitative systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize recent qualitative studies to improve understanding of the experiences and perceptions of case management interventions that individuals with chronic illnesses and their caregivers have.
BACKGROUND: Case management has been shown to be effective at improving quality of care and lowering costs for individuals with chronic illnesses. However, no qualitative review has been synthesized with recent qualitative studies about case management experiences by individual with chronic illnesses.
METHODS: This qualitative systematic review uses a thematic synthesis method to review 10 qualitative studies published within the last 10 years, from 2007 to 2016, thereby identifying and discussing the understandings that individuals with chronic illnesses and their caregivers have about case management.
RESULTS: From this synthesis, three themes were identified as facilitators of case management (access to healthcare resources, health status supports and emotional aid) and two themes were identified as barriers to it (low information about case management and time constraints).
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first qualitative systematic review of the perceptions and experiences that individuals with chronic illnesses and their caregivers have about case management. The facilitators of case management can be employed to inform patients about the benefits of case management and to improve population health.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings about barriers to case management can be used to reform case management for populations with chronic illnesses. These factors should be considered by nursing researchers and healthcare policymakers when implementing case management.

The challenges faced by case managers when implementing case management have received little focus. Several qualitative studies have been published that may be able to shed light on those challenges. This study is a systematic review of qualitative literature to identify barriers case managers have when implementing case management. Five electronic bibliographic databases were systematically searched, and 10 qualitative studies were identified for inclusion in the review which were published from 2007 to 2016. Through thematic synthesis of findings, five themes were identified as barriers to case management implementation: unclear scope of practice, diverse and complex case management activities, insufficient training, poor collaboration with other health-care providers, and client relationship challenges. This review study suggested that standardized evidence-based practical protocols and certification programs may help overcome case managers\' barriers and improve case management practices. Health policymakers, case management associations, and health-care management researchers should develop educational and practical supports for case managers.