BACKGROUND: Pathological destruction of the axis vertebra leads to a highly unstable condition in an upper cervical spine. As surgical resection and anatomical reconstruction of the second cervical vertebrae represents a life threatening procedure, less radical approaches are preferred and only few cases of C2 prosthesis are described in literature.
METHODS: The focus of this case report is a 21-year-old man with a pathological fracture of C2 managed primarily surgically with the C1-C3 dorsal fusion. Due to the progression of giant cell tumor and destruction of the axis vertebra, C2 prosthesis through anterior approach and dorsal occipito-cervical fusion C0-C4 were performed. Postoperative infection was managed surgically with a 2-staged dorsal debridement, ostheosynthesis material change and autologous bone graft. After a 4 week-intravenous therapy with the ceftriaxone in combination with the amoxicillin/clavulanate, followed by 12 week per oral therapy with amoxicillin/clavulanate in combination with ciprofloxacin, the complete recovery of the infection was achieved. Radiotherapy was initiated 2 months after the last revision surgery and the patient showed a good clinical outcome with stable construct at a 1 year follow-up. A review of literature of all reported C2 prosthesis cases was performed CONCLUSION: C2 prosthesis allows a more radical resection in pathological processes involving the axis vertebra. Combined with the posterior fusion, immediate stability is achieved. Anterior surgical approach is through a highly unsterile oral environment which presents a high-risk of postoperative infection.

We present a case report detailing the successful phacoemulsification surgery with artificial iris implantation for two individuals with oculocutaneous albinism. These women suffered from cataracts, resulting in reduced visual acuity and heightened photophobia due to iris pigmentary epithelium deficiency. The patients underwent phacoemulsification along with prosthetic artificial iris implantation into the posterior chamber. This intervention resulted in improved visual acuity, reduced photophobia and glare, and an overall enhanced quality of life. Our report highlights two cases of successful phacoemulsification and artificial iris implantation in patients with oculocutaneous albinism and cataracts, leading to improved visual acuity, reduced photophobia, and enhanced quality of life. Notably, there are no prior records in South American literature of cataract surgery combined with artificial iris implantation for oculocutaneous albinism patients up to the time of this publication.

BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and it is the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable one and trabeculectomy is commonly considered the surgical \"gold standard\" to decrease IOP. In particular cases, other kind of surgeries, as the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) implant, are a reliable alternative. Usually, the silicone tube of AGV surgery is inserted into the anterior chamber. Sometimes it is necessary to place the AGV silicone tube in the ciliary sulcus, especially in cases of endothelial decompensation. This surgical procedure is not always easy to perform.
METHODS: This article describes and presents a technique for inserting the AGV tube into the posterior chamber using a guide-wire, in a total of 12 cases are reported. This procedure has been mostly applied in a group of pseudophakic patients who need AGV placement to control elevated IOP. In exceptional situations, this procedure was applied in pseudophakic patients previously with AGV tube implanted in the anterior chamber and with loss of endothelial cells or in phakic patients with previously implanted AGV anterior chamber tube, simultaneously to cataract surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: The purpose of these cases presentations attended at our service is to demonstrate the passage of the AGV silicone tube was performed with the aid of a guide wire.

Regardless of the species, birds are exposed to injuries that lead to amputation of part of the body structure and often euthanasia. Based on the need for new technologies that improve the quality of life of birds with locomotor problems, the present case reports aimed to describe the development of custom-made three-dimensional (3D) prostheses for domestic and wild birds that suffered amputation or malformation of the hind limb. Using the measurements of the bird, a digital model was created for 3D printing using fused deposition modeling technology (FDM) by the Brazilian company 3D Medicine. In this study we report the use of 3D prosthesis for the rehabilitation of three birds with locomotor disorders in Brazil, the animals adapted to the custom-made prosthesis with an improvement in quality of life, better distribution of body weight, locomotion, and landing. This study describes the development of 3D prostheses for birds in Brazil, the first report of this technology for these species, and the pioneering development of socket prostheses for small birds. 3D prostheses offer a high-efficiency solution to improve the quality of life of animals with amputations and malformations of the hind limbs. In addition, 3D technology provides valuable tools for veterinary medicine, developing custom-made models for the most different anatomical demands of animal patients.

Highly impaired individuals stand to benefit greatly from cutting-edge bionic technology, however concurrent functional deficits may complicate the adaptation of such technology. Here, we present a case in which a visually impaired individual with bilateral burn injury amputation was provided with a novel transradial neuromusculoskeletal prosthesis comprising skeletal attachment via osseointegration and implanted electrodes in nerves and muscles for control and sensory feedback. Difficulties maintaining implant hygiene and donning and doffing the prosthesis arose due to his contralateral amputation, ipsilateral eye loss, and contralateral impaired vision necessitating continuous adaptations to the electromechanical interface. Despite these setbacks, the participant still demonstrated improvements in functional outcomes and the ability to control the prosthesis in various limb positions using the implanted electrodes. Our results demonstrate the importance of a multidisciplinary, iterative, and patient-centered approach to making cutting-edge technology accessible to patients with high levels of impairment.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immediate results of ankle replacement with original prosthesis in a patient with severe post-traumatic deformation of the distal tibia.
METHODS: When developing the original design of ankle prosthesis, we considered foreign analogues of classical and revision models of ankle prostheses taking into account their shortcomings. In this case, an integrated approach was used. Extensive work has been carried out to select materials for prosthetic components. Experimental work with mesenchymal stromal cells of bone marrow was aimed at testing cytotoxicity and biological compatibility. The staff of the department of designing biomechanical structures of the Research Institute of Bionics and Personalized Medicine of the Samara State Medical University carefully studied the proposed design of endoprosthesis using the Ansys software. After cadaver tests on full-scale models, we performed surgical intervention in a patient with severe post-traumatic deformity of the lower third of the left tibia.
RESULTS: Our studies revealed convenience and certain advantages of intraoperative installation of original ankle prosthesis. Along with this, this clinical example indicated come features that must be taken into account in revision ankle replacement to avoid possible postoperative consequences.
CONCLUSIONS: Original ankle prosthesis makes it possible to replace the distal tibia and preserve limb function.
UNASSIGNED: Оценить ближайшие результаты использования разработанного эндопротеза голеностопного сустава на клиническом примере лечения грубой посттравматической деформации дистального отдела большеберцовой кости.
UNASSIGNED: При разработке оригинальной конструкции эндопротеза голеностопного сустава использовали зарубежные аналоги классических и ревизионных моделей протезов голеностопного сустава, учитывая их недостатки. При этом использовали комплексный подход. Проведена обширная работа по подбору материалов, используемых при производстве компонентов протеза. Экспериментальная часть работы направлена на проверку по цитотоксичности и биологической совместимости с организмом человека на мезенхимальных стромальных клетках костного мозга. Предложенная конструкция эндопротеза тщательно прорабатывалась сотрудниками отдела проектирования биомеханических конструкций НИИ бионики и персонифицированной медицины СамГМУ в программе Ansys. После проведения кадаверных испытаний на натурных моделях выполнено оперативное вмешательство пациенту с грубой посттравматической деформацией нижней трети левой большеберцовой кости.
UNASSIGNED: Проведенные исследования показали возможность применения разработанной конструкции эндопротеза голеностопного сустава, продемонстрировав удобство и преимущества при интраоперационной установке. Наряду с этим приведенный клинический пример указал на ряд особенностей, которые необходимо учитывать при ревизионном эндопротезировании голеностопного сустава во избежание возможных послеоперационных последствий.
UNASSIGNED: Применение разработанного эндопротеза голеностопного сустава позволяет заместить дистальный отдел большеберцовой кости и сохранить функцию конечности.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the treatment of radial head comminuted fractures is the restoration of anatomical normalcy to avoid the risk of several complications such as joint instability. Among the options for the treatment of such fractures, it is worth mentioning osteosynthesis, resection of the radial head or prosthetic replacement. In the presence of comminution or severe dislocation of the fracture\'s fragments, as in our patient\'s type III Mason fracture, prosthesis implantation is the treatment of choice.
METHODS: This clinical case reports a 22-year-old volleyball player, who during training suffered a comminuted fracture of the radial head, type III according to Mason\'s classification. A prosthesis was implanted. The post-operative course took place regularly. However, approximately three months after surgery, the patient experienced sudden pain and functional limitation following a normal elbow extension movement, so much so that he required medical attention in our emergency room. Following all the appropriate clinical-instrumental tests, a complete dissociation of the bipolar prosthesis of the radial head was found.
CONCLUSIONS: Our clinical case shows the disassembly of a bipolar radial head prosthesis, a rather rare complication. From a medicolegal perspective, the patients should be aware of the increased risk of requiring further surgery after radial head replacement. When patients are thoroughly informed, they can cooperate and comply with indications more effectively, thus taking an active role in recovery management.

OBJECTIVE: To examine complications, visual outcomes, photic patient-reported symptoms, corneal morphology, IOL tilt, and intraocular pressure after implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) and iris prosthesis (IP) following iridocyclectomy.
METHODS: Patients with previous iridocyclectomy treated with an IOL and IP at the Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet between 2007 and 2018 were included in this national retrospective non-comparative case series. The assessment encompassed BCVA, PRO questionnaire, corneal topography, and anterior segment OCT.
RESULTS: 45 patients were included. Eight of 45 patients were previously treated with ruthenium-106 brachytherapy in conjunction with iridocyclectomy. Six of 45 patients developed endothelial dysfunction four of whom had received ruthenium-106 brachytherapy. Five of 45 patients had subluxation of the IOL/IP complex due to incomplete zonula apparatus. BCVA improved for all patients after lens surgery. 26 patients participated in the invited follow-up examination. 19 of 26 (73%) reported none or mild photic symptoms after IP instalment. Five (19%) reported ongoing severe photic symptoms. The corneal astigmatism significantly increased after iridocyclectomy but did not change after lens surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of an IOL and IP is a safe procedure, alleviating photic symptoms in most patients. It comes with higher risk of complications due to a more demanding procedure and larger surgical traumas from previous treatments. Ruthenium-106 brachytherapy increases the complication risk. Corneal astigmatism is induced by iridocyclectomy but does not change after lens surgery.

UNASSIGNED: Long-term mechanical complications after inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement include embedded or tilted filters, erosion of the vena cava, filter thrombosis. In the setting of caval thrombosis, patients may subsequently develop venous hypertension and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Here we present three unique cases of IVC filter complications and surgical management.
METHODS: A 30-year-old female presented with acute abdominal pain, revealing a duodenal perforation caused by an IVC filter eroding into her duodenum. A 42-year-old female with an IVC filter in place for 20 years due to a prior pulmonary embolism underwent laser-assisted retrieval of the filter due to concerns of caval adherence. A 48-year-old male with a history of DVT, venous stasis ulcer, and an IVC filter presented for filter retrieval.
UNASSIGNED: The surgical techniques described in this report include complicated IVC filter retrieval, performed in cases of filter complications including migration, fracture, duodenal perforation and IVC thrombosis resulting in PTS. One case, requiring open retrieval, is explained and the surgical technique is provided. There are images and videos of these procedures to enrich the learning experience.
RESULTS: The surgical techniques described in this report include complicated inferior vena cava filter retrieval, performed in cases of filter complications including migration, fracture, duodenal perforation and IVC thrombosis. One case, requiring open retrieval, is explained and the surgical technique is provided. There are images and videos of these procedures to enrich the learning experience.
UNASSIGNED: Endovascular retrieval of long-term complicated IVC filters is challenging, but it can be a safely performed in many patients. However, open surgery may be necessary in selected patients.

Debranching thoracic endovascular aortic repair may disturb the implantation of a cardiac implantable electronic device in the anterior thoracic region. In case 1, the bypass graft between the right axillary artery, left axillary artery, and left common carotid artery disturbed pacemaker implantation from the left anterior thoracic region. Therefore, right-sided implantation was selected. By contrast, in case 2, the bypass graft between axillary arteries in the anterior thoracic region was visible on fluoroscopy, and we performed conventional left-sided pacemaker implantation with extra-thoracic puncture. The pacemaker implantations were successful in both cases. The implantation strategies were affected by the number of debranched arteries and visibility of the bypass graft.