多黏菌素类抗菌药物问世于20世纪50年代末，后来因同样有效但更安全的新药不断问世而逐渐淡出临床。到了20世纪80年代，随着多重耐药革兰阴性菌的增多，此类药物重新受到重视而重返临床。但由于其上市时间早，至今仍有许多问题给临床造成困惑。因此，由中国医药教育协会感染疾病专业委员会牵头，联合多学科相关领域著名专家与权威学术组织共同编写本共识，全文以问答的方式展示，分为11个部分，37个问题，10条推荐意见，希望为临床医生合理应用多黏菌素类药物提供切实可行的参考。.

The polymyxins are important antimicrobial agents against antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli. In 2020, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute modified the clinical breakpoints for polymyxin susceptibility test by eliminating the \"susceptible\" interpretive category, only reporting intermediate (≤2 mg/L) and resistant (≥4 mg/L). However, the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing recommended the use of clinical breakpoints of ≤2 mg/L as susceptible and >2 mg/L as resistant. The first-line laboratorians and clinicians in China have been perplexed by the inconsistence of international polymyxin clinical breakpoints and discouraged by the difficulty of conducting polymyxin susceptibility testing. Therefore, it is urgently needed to make it clear for the laboratorians in China to know how to accurately carry out polymyxin susceptibility testing and standardize the interpretation of susceptibility testing results. To this end, the experts from relevant fields were convened to formulate this consensus statement on the testing and clinical interpretation of polymyxin susceptibility. Relevant recommendations are proposed accordingly for laboratorians and clinicians to streamline their daily work.

Polymyxin, a polypeptide antibiotic, derived from the culture of bacillus polymucilis, was introduced in the 1950s and used in clinical practice, but was replaced by safer antimicrobials due to its renal toxicity. In the recent years, with the increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacilli infections, polymyxin is reintroduced into the clinic because it is assumed an important role in the treatment of MDR infections and XDR infections. In order to regulate the clinical applications of polymyxin, we organized experts in relevant fields to develop expert consensus on polymyxin for reference, including parameters like pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, dosage and usage, contraindications and relative contraindications, clinical applications and adverse reactions.

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