■婴儿髋关节脱位的延迟诊断可能导致复杂的儿童手术,家庭生活中断,和过早的骨关节炎。
■评估临床检查在识别婴儿髋关节脱位方面的诊断准确性。
■CINAHL的系统搜索,Embase,MEDLINE,和Cochrane图书馆从每个数据库开始到2023年10月31日。
■纳入的9项研究报告了3个月或更小的婴儿的临床检查(指数测试)和诊断性髋关节超声(参考测试)的诊断准确性。使用超声评估的Graf方法对髋关节异常进行分类。
■使用合理临床检查量表来分配证据水平,并使用诊断准确性研究的质量评估工具来评估偏倚。使用个体髋部作为分析单位提取数据;当通过3个或更多的纳入研究评估临床检查时,数据被合并。
■灵敏度,特异性,并计算识别髋关节脱位的似然比(LRs)。
■在5项研究中通过临床检查和诊断超声筛查的婴儿中,髋关节脱位(n=37859髋)的患病率为0.94%(95%CI,0.28%-2.0%).有8项研究(n=44827髋)评估了Barlow动作和Ortolani动作(脱臼和重新定位不稳定的髋关节)的使用;动作的敏感性为46%(95%CI,26%-67%),特异性为99.1%(95%CI,97.9%-99.6%),正LR为52(95%CI,21-127),负LR为0.55(95%CI,0.37-0.82)。有3项研究(n=22472髋)评估了有限的髋关节外展,敏感性为13%(95%CI,3.3%-37%),特异性为97%(95%CI,87%-99%),正LR为3.6(95%CI,0.72-18),负LR为0.91(95%CI,0.76-1.1)。一项研究(n=13096臀部)评估了咔嗒声,灵敏度为13%(95%CI,6.4%-21%),特异性为92%(95%CI,92%-93%),正LR为1.6(95%CI,0.91-2.8),负LR为0.95(95%CI,0.88-1.0)。
■在对所有婴儿臀部进行髋关节发育不良筛查的研究中,髋关节脱位的患病率为0.94%.Barlow和Ortolani动作的正LR是与髋关节脱位可能性增加最相关的发现。髋关节外展受限或咔嗒声没有明确的诊断效用。
Delayed diagnosis of a dislocated hip in infants can lead to complex childhood surgery, interruption to family life, and premature osteoarthritis.
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination in identifying dislocated hips in infants.
Systematic search of CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library from the inception of each database until October 31, 2023.
The 9 included studies reported the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examination (index test) in infants aged 3 months or younger and a diagnostic hip ultrasound (reference test). The Graf method of ultrasound assessment was used to classify hip abnormalities.
The Rational Clinical Examination scale was used to assign levels of evidence and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool was used to assess bias. Data were extracted using the individual hip as the unit of analysis; the data were pooled when the clinical examinations were evaluated by 3 or more of the included studies.
Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LRs) of identifying a dislocated hip were calculated.
Among infants screened with a clinical examination and a diagnostic ultrasound in 5 studies, the prevalence of a dislocated hip (n = 37 859 hips) was 0.94% (95% CI, 0.28%-2.0%). There were 8 studies (n = 44 827 hips) that evaluated use of the Barlow maneuver and the Ortolani maneuver (dislocate and relocate an unstable hip); the maneuvers had a sensitivity of 46% (95% CI, 26%-67%), a specificity of 99.1% (95% CI, 97.9%-99.6%), a positive LR of 52 (95% CI, 21-127), and a negative LR of 0.55 (95% CI, 0.37-0.82). There were 3 studies (n = 22 472 hips) that evaluated limited hip abduction and had a sensitivity of 13% (95% CI, 3.3%-37%), a specificity of 97% (95% CI, 87%-99%), a positive LR of 3.6 (95% CI, 0.72-18), and a negative LR of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.76-1.1). One study (n = 13 096 hips) evaluated a clicking sound and had a sensitivity of 13% (95% CI, 6.4%-21%), a specificity of 92% (95% CI, 92%-93%), a positive LR of 1.6 (95% CI, 0.91-2.8), and a negative LR of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.88-1.0).
In studies in which all infant hips were screened for developmental dysplasia of the hip, the prevalence of a dislocated hip was 0.94%. A positive LR for the Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers was the finding most associated with an increased likelihood of a dislocated hip. Limited hip abduction or a clicking sound had no clear diagnostic utility.