动物来源的毒液,像蛇毒,已被证明是药物开发的宝贵自然资源。以前,蛇毒主要研究其调节凝血的药理活性,血管舒张,和心血管功能,从蛇毒中成功开发了几种上市的心血管药物。近年来,蛇毒部分已被证明具有诱导凋亡和自噬性细胞死亡的抗癌特性,抑制扩散,抑制血管生成,抑制细胞粘附和迁移,提高免疫力,等等。已经从蛇毒毒素中鉴定出许多活性抗癌酶和肽,如L-氨基酸氧化酶(LAAOs),磷脂酶A2(PLA2),金属蛋白酶(MPs),三指毒素(3FTxs),丝氨酸蛋白酶(SP),解整合素,C型凝集素样蛋白(CTLP),细胞穿透肽,富含半胱氨酸的分泌蛋白(CRISP)。在这次审查中,我们重点总结这些蛇毒抗癌成分的抗癌活性和潜在机制。我们还将讨论它们将来作为抗癌药物开发的潜力。
Animal-derived venom, like snake venom, has been proven to be valuable natural resources for the drug development. Previously, snake venom was mainly investigated in its pharmacological activities in regulating coagulation, vasodilation, and cardiovascular function, and several marketed cardiovascular drugs were successfully developed from snake venom. In recent years, snake venom fractions have been demonstrated with anticancer properties of inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death, restraining proliferation, suppressing angiogenesis, inhibiting cell adhesion and migration, improving immunity, and so on. A number of active anticancer enzymes and peptides have been identified from snake venom toxins, such as L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), metalloproteinases (MPs), three-finger toxins (3FTxs), serine proteinases (SPs), disintegrins, C-type lectin-like proteins (CTLPs), cell-penetrating peptides, cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs). In this
review, we focus on summarizing these snake venom-derived anticancer components on their anticancer activities and underlying mechanisms. We will also discuss their potential to be developed as anticancer drugs in the future.