目的:为了确定患病率,流行病学概况,2005年至2017年在EvandroChagas国家传染病研究所(INI-FIOCRUZ)耳鼻咽喉科就诊的患者的口腔或口咽粘膜病变(OOPML)的临床特征。
方法:对来自病历的描述性数据进行统计分析(性别,年龄,教育水平,肤色,origin,吸烟,酗酒,艾滋病毒共同感染,疾病演变的时间,第一个症状,和OOPML位置)进行。
结果:在参加服务的7551名患者中,620(8.2%)被纳入研究。OOPML被分类为发育异常(n=3),感染性疾病(非肉芽肿n=220;肉芽肿n=155),自身免疫性疾病(n=24),肿瘤(良性n=13;恶性,n=103),和未分类的上皮/软组织疾病(n=102)。OOPML以感染性疾病(60.5%)和肿瘤(18.7%)最为常见。OOPML患者的主要人口统计学是:男性(63.5%),白色(53.5%),以及生命第五到六十年的人(43.3%)。局部疼痛(18.1%)和吞咽痛(15%)是报告最多的首发症状,最常见的OOPML部位是腭扁桃体(28.5%),硬腭(22.7%),和舌头(20.3%)。中位进化时间为3个月。
结论:感染性OOPML是最常见的,正如传染病参考中心所预期的那样,因此,他们在一般护理和/或牙科服务中的频率可能较低。OOPML的少报是可能的,因为口腔/口咽检查通常不包括在常规体检中。口腔/口咽检查应由专家进行,比如牙医和耳鼻喉科医生,他们有识别OOPML的专业知识,即使在初期/无症状病例中。鉴于OOPML可能存在的许多疾病,多学科团队可以促进诊断,有可能实现疾病的早期治疗,因此,降低发病率,改善预后。使用标准化的医疗记录进行口腔/口咽系统检查可以为鉴别诊断提供相关工具,并为新的临床流行病学研究提供信息。
方法:第3级。
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, epidemiological profile, and clinical characteristics of Oral or Oropharyngeal Mucosal Lesions (OOPML) in patients attended at the Otorhinolaryngology Service of the Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI-FIOCRUZ) from 2005 to 2017.
METHODS: Statistical analysis of descriptive data from medical records (gender, age, education level, skin color, origin, smoking, alcoholism, HIV co-infection, time of disease evolution, first symptom, and OOPML location) was performed.
RESULTS: Of 7551 patients attended at the service, 620 (8.2%) were included in the
study. OOPML were classified into developmental anomalies (n = 3), infectious diseases (non-granulomatous n = 220; granulomatous n = 155), autoimmune diseases (n = 24), neoplasms (benign n = 13; malignant, n = 103), and unclassified epithelial/soft tissue diseases (n = 102). OOPML of infectious diseases (60.5%) and neoplasms (18.7%) were the most frequent. The predominant demographics of patients with OOPML were: males (63.5%), white (53.5%), and those in the fifth to sixth decades of life (43.3%). Local pain (18.1%) and odynophagia (15%) were the most reported first symptoms, and the most frequent OOPML sites were the palatine tonsil (28.5%), hard palate (22.7%), and tongue (20.3%). The median evolution time was three months.
CONCLUSIONS: Infectious OOPML were the most frequent, as expected in a reference center for infectious diseases, and thus, they are likely to be less frequent in general care and/or dental services. Underreporting of OOPML is possible, as oral/oropharyngeal examination is often not included in the routine medical examination. Oral cavity/oropharynx examination should be performed by specialists, such as dentists and otorhinolaryngologists, who have the expertise in identifying OOPML, even in incipient/asymptomatic cases. Given the numerous diseases in which OOPML can present, diagnosis could be facilitated by multidisciplinary teams, potentially enabling the early treatment of diseases, and thus, reduce morbidity and improve prognosis. The use of standardized medical records for oral/oropharyngeal systematic examination could provide relevant tools for differential diagnoses and information for new clinical-epidemiological studies.
METHODS: Level 3.