人格障碍(PD)的诊断必须依靠观察者的判断-无论是临床医生还是熟人-因为人格障碍主要是根据适应不良的人际关系行为来定义的。鲜为人知,然而,关于熟人对PD特征的判断与理论上相关的大五特征的自我报告或在人际关系中直接观察到的行为结果有多密切。本研究考察了由熟人提供的10种PD特征的判断之间的关联,与PD相关的大五人格特质的自我报告,并观察了三种不同的三人实验室互动中的人际行为(即,非结构化聊天,合作任务,竞争性游戏)。
样本包括256名本科生(130名女性;Mage=19.83,SD=1.25)。四个不认识的观察者从视频记录中独立评估参与者的行为。
根据以前的工作,PD性状的线人报告显示出与相关自我报告的大五性状具有很强的收敛效度(如Lynam&Widiger所确定,2001).直接观察到的行为与熟人对PD相关特征的判断和自我报告有意义地相关,这些判断和行为之间的关联与组织和分裂样PD相关的特征最强。与线人和自我报告相关的行为概况之间的向量相关性表明,两种评估都具有相似的行为相关性。PD特征等级和行为之间的关联似乎随性别而不同,男性表现出更多更强的相关性。
告密者对PD特征的评级非常准确,与相关特征的自我报告和直接观察的人际交往行为相结合。因此,来自多个熟人的信息可以增强对PD和相关特征的全面理解,这些熟人有机会观察个人在不同环境中每天如何与他人互动。
Diagnoses of personality disorders (PD) must rely on judgments of observers-either clinicians or acquaintances-because personality disorders are primarily defined in terms of maladaptive interpersonal behavior. Little is known, however, about how closely acquaintances\' judgments of PD traits relate to self-
reports of theoretically relevant Big Five traits or directly observed behavioral outcomes in interpersonal situations. The present study examines associations between judgments of the 10 PD traits provided by close acquaintances, self-reports of PD-relevant Big Five personality traits, and observed interpersonal behaviors across three different three-person laboratory interactions (i.e., unstructured chat, cooperative task, competitive game).
The sample consisted of 256 undergraduate students (130 females; Mage = 19.83, SD = 1.25). Four unacquainted observers independently rated participants\' behaviors from video recordings.
In line with previous work, informant
reports of PD traits demonstrate strong convergent validity with relevant self-reported Big Five traits (as identified by Lynam & Widiger, 2001). Directly observed behavior is meaningfully associated with acquaintances\' judgments and self-
reports of PD-relevant traits, and the associations between these judgments and behavior are strongest for traits associated with histrionic and schizoid PD. Vector correlations between behavioral profiles associated with informant and self-
reports show that both assessments have similar behavioral correlates. Associations between PD trait ratings and behavior appeared to differ as a function of gender, with males showing more and stronger correlations.
Informants\' ratings of PD traits are impressively accurate, converging both with self-
reports of relevant traits and directly observed interpersonal behavior. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of PDs and associated traits can be augmented by information from multiple acquaintances who have the opportunity to observe how an individual interacts with others on a daily basis across diverse contexts.